Leucopenia

Azacitidine is used for treating patients with some myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes and chronic mye-lomonocytic leukemia. The most commonly occurring adverse reactions include nausea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, pyrexia, leucopenia, diarrhea, fatigue, neutropenia, and ecchymosis. 

Yearlings, force-fed 185,000, 1.85 million, or 18.5 million Bq 90Sr-90Y/kg BW daily for 21 weeks At highest dose, adverse effects on growth (week 12) and survival (week 15) survivors had leucopenia and gut histopathology, and concentrations of 9.2 billion Bq/kg FW in bone and 9.99 million Bq/kg FW in muscle. Residues in the 1.85-million group were 1.04 billion Bq/kg in bone and 2.96 million Bq/kg in muscle. For the 185,000 group, these values were 77.7 million Bq/kg in bone and 74,000 Bq/kg in muscle 11, 15... 

Yearlings force-fed 370,000, 3.7 million, or 37 million Bq e5Zn/kg BW daily for 17 weeks, or 370 million Bq e5Zn/kg BW daily for 10 weeks Adverse effects on growth, survival, or gut histology at any dose leucopenia evident at week 10 at the highest dose. Residues, in Bq/kg FW, in the 37 million group at 17 weeks were 148 million in bone and 12.9 million in muscle 11, 15... 

The chemistry, metabolism, and clinical importance of folic acid have been the subject of many excellent reviews (A7, Gil, H14, H20, Rl). Folic acid deficiency leads to a macrocytic anemia and leucopenia. These symptoms are due to inadequate synthesis of nucleic acid. The synthesis of purine bases and of thymine, required for nucleic acid synthesis, is impaired in folic acid deficiency. Detection of folic acid activity in biologic fluids and tissues is of the utmost importance it distinguishes between the various anemias, e.g., those due to vitamin Bi2 or folic acid deficiency. Because morphology of the abnormal red cell does not help in diagnosing vitamin deficiency, one must rely on assay methods for differential diagnosis. Treatment of pernicious anemia with folic acid has led to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord despite... 

Role for disease Released mediators cause fever, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, systemic shock, and multiorgan failure not dependent upon the bacterial species Depends upon the individual intravascular coagulation, leucopenia, toxin/bacterium (see Table 2)... 

Q62 Patients receiving carbamazepine should be advised how to recognise signs of blood disorders. Carbamazepine should be withdrawn if leucopenia that is severe, progressive or associated with clinical symptoms occurs. 

Side-effects of corbamazepine include blood disorders such as thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, aplastic anaemia and agranulocytosis. Patients ore therefore advised to stop treatment and contact a healthcare provider if they develop symptoms of sore throat, fever, rash, mouth ulcers, bleeding or bruising. 

Exposure of rats to irritant levels of mesityl oxide (above 137ppm) caused leucopenia. This hematologic effect was regarded as an associative response to the sensory irritation, which can act as a stressor to laboratory animals. 

Brondeau MT, Bonnet P, Guenier JP, et al Adrenal-dependent leucopenia after short-... 

Uses AML, ALL, CML Action Purine-based antimetabolite (substitutes for natural purines interfering w/ nucleotide synth) Dose 2-3 mg/kg/d X in severe renal/hepatic impair Caution [D, -] Contra Resistance to mercaptopurine Disp Tabs SE X BM (leucopenia/thrombocytopenia), NA /D, anorexia, stomatitis, rash, hyperuricemia, rare hepatotox Interactions t Bleeding W/ anticoagulants, NSAIDs, salicylates, thrombolytics EMS t Effects of anticoagulants/salicylates/ NSAIDs T risk of Infxn OD May cause NA, hypotension, and diaphoresis symptomatic and supportive... 

Kiyotani, K., Mushiroda, T., Kubo, M., Zembutsu, H., Sugiyama, Y. and Nakamura, Y. (2008) Association of genetic polymorphisms in SLC01B3 and ABCC2 with docataxel -induced leucopenia. Cancer Science, 99, 961-912. 

Its adverse effects are dose dependent. Hematological effects include anaemia and leucopenia. Other effects are nausea, headache, myalgia, insomnia, and rarely, myopathy and hepatotoxicity. CNS toxicity can manifest itself as seizures, confusion... 

Irinotecan has demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity in vitro and in vivo, and synergistic effects have been observed when it is administered in combination with other antineoplastic agents. Clinically irinotecan is now an active agent in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Irinotecan is metabolized by carboxylesterase to an active metabolite. It is cleared by hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion with a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 15 hours. The principal toxicities associated with irinotecan are diarrhoea and leucopenia. 

IX.b.3.4. Genetically engineered antibodies. Anti-TNF antibody treatment with infliximab or adalimumab is now accepted as of value in treating severe and fistulating exacerbations of Crohn s disease when standard treatments are not tolerated or have failed. Adverse effects which limit usefulness include the occurrence of tuberculosis and septicaemia, leucopenia and pancytopenia, and risk of exacerbation of demyelinating disease. Considerations of benefits versus risks of such treatment are complex, but probably positive. 

At highest dose, adverse effects on growth 11, 15 (week 12) and survival (week 15) survivors had leucopenia and gut histopathology, and concentrations of 9.2 billion Bq/kg FW in bone and 9.99 million Bq/kg FW in muscle. 

The common side effects are drowsiness, lethargy, ataxia. They also cause behavioural changes and dose dependent impairment of visual motor coordination. Other side effects which occur rarely are vertigo, headache, allergy, photosensitization, leucopenia, impaired sexual function and menstrual irregularities. 

Adverse effects include nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, fatigue, skin rash, weight gain, leucopenia, alopecia, blurred vision etc. 

Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, cholestatic jaundice, skin rash, anaemia, leucopenia, hypoglycemia and intolerance to alcohol (disulfiram like reaction). 

Adverse reactions include visual disturbances (transient, at the beginning of therapy), nausea and epigastric bloating (rare) and diarrhoea. Hypersensitivity including allergic skin reactions, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, haemolytic anaemia, vasculitis, cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis. 

Adverse effects include hypoglycemia, temporary visual impairment, gastrointestinal disturbances. Rarely leucopenia, haemolytic anaemia. Occasionally allergic or pseudoaUergic reactions like itching, urticaria or rashes. In isolated cases allergic vasculitis, photosensitivity or a decrease in serum sodium may occur. 

Adverse reactions include agranulocytosis, transient leucopenia, arthralgia, nausea, fever, loss of hair and hepatic damage. 

Adverse effects include nausea, epigastric distress, diarrhoea, skin rash, urticaria, serum sickness, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, eosinophilia etc. 

Toxicity includes alopecia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and liver damage. 

Adverse effects include fever, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, neurotoxicity and elevated aminotransferase levels. Other less common side effects include hypotension, cardiomyopathy and hyperglycaemia. 

Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, weakness, abdominal pain and methaemoglobinaemia. Haemolytic anaemia in patients with G-6-PD deficiency. Passage of dark urine is indication of haemolysis. In larger dose it can cause leucopenia. 

Adverse effects include tinnitus, vertigo, leucopenia, hypokalemia, skin rash, urticaria, fever, pain and induration at injection site, excessive bleeding at injection site and abnormalities in liver function. 

Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, delayed bone marrow depression (four to six weeks), leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and pulmonary fibrosis. 

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