Aplastic anaemia

Adverse effects include drowsiness, diarrhoea, rashes (withdraw treatment), thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, aplastic anaemia. Convulsions may occur in overdosage. 

Haemolytic anaemia, sideroachrestic anaemia, aplastic anaemia, pernicious anaemia, leukaemia, Hodgkin s disease, etc. 

Aplastic anaemia describes bone marrow failure, characterized by serious reduction in the number of stem cells present. 

Q50 Systemic use of chloramphenicol is reserved for life-threatening infections. Chloramphenicol may cause reversible aplastic anaemia. 

The systemic use of chloramphenicol is reserved only for life-threatening infections where other anti-microbial therapy has failed or is inadequate, since chloramphenicol may cause reversible aplastic anaemia as a side-effect. 

Side-effects of corbamazepine include blood disorders such as thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, aplastic anaemia and agranulocytosis. Patients ore therefore advised to stop treatment and contact a healthcare provider if they develop symptoms of sore throat, fever, rash, mouth ulcers, bleeding or bruising. 

Epoxide metabolites can be generated from a variety of aromatic systems. Anticonvulsants are a class of drug whose side-effects, such as hepatic necrosis and aplastic anaemia, are thought to be mediated by chemically reactive epoxide metabolites formed by cytochrome P450 oxidation. For instance phenytoin (Figure 8.6) toxicity is correlated with oxidation and the inhibition of epoxide hydrolase [8]. 

Sulphonamide antimicrobial agents (Figure 8.22) such as sulphamethoxazole [21] are oxidized to protein-reactive cytotoxic metabolites in the liver and also other tissues. These include hydroxylamines and further products such as nitroso-deriva-tives. Sulphonamide drugs are linked with agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and... 

Carbamazepine Aplastic anaemia, agranulocytosis, skin rash, hepatitis... 

Cys i replaced by Ser) mahgnant skin tumours and in the treatment of aplastic anaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome... 

Severe bacterial infection Severe sepsis Severe viral infection Aplastic anaemia ... 

Bone marrow transplantation, particularly allogenic transplantation, is often a treatment of choice for individuals suffering from acute or chronic leukaemia, aplastic anaemia or various stem cell-related genetic disorders (e.g. thalassaemias). 

Adverse effects include nausea, epigastric distress, aplastic anaemia, vomiting, diarrhoea, peptic ulcer, depression, neutropenia, hypothyroidism, skin rash and urticaria. 

Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastric bleeding, diarrhoea, dizziness, frontal headache, confusion, depression, psychosis, hallucination, leukopenia, epigastric distress and rarely aplastic anaemia. 

Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, neuropathy, myopathy especially in patients with decreased renal function. Prolonged therapy may lead to aplastic anaemia, agranulocytosis, alopecia and myopathy. 

Anaemia due bone narrow depression e.g. aplastic and hypoplastic anaemia. 

The hematopoietic toxicity includes agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia and rarely aplastic anaemia and in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, sulfonamides may cause intravascular haemolysis. 

Bone marrow depression includes aplastic anaemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia. 

Adverse effects include pain at injection site, stomatitis, glossitis, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, vertigo, tinnitus, aplastic anaemia. Hypotension and cardiac arrest after rapid IV use. Anorexia, metallic taste, oesophagitis, abdominal pain. 

Court-Brown, W.M. and Doll, R. (1957). Leukaemia and aplastic anaemia in patients irradiated for ankylosing spondylitis, Medical Research Council, Special Series No. 295 (H.M.S.O., London). 

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, is the simplest member of the series known as alkylbenzenes, where an alkyl group, e.g. CH3, is directly attached to the benzene ring. As the use of benzene as a nonpolar solvent has long been prohibited because of its adverse effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and on bone marrow, as well as its carcinogenic property, toluene has replaced benzene as a nonpolar solvent. Although it has a CNS depressant property like benzene, it does not cause leukaemia or aplastic anaemia. 

Long-term feeding of hydroquinone to rats led to aplastic anaemia, liver cord-cell atrophy and ulceration of the gastric mucosa. A single high dose was reported to induce renal tubule necrosis in rats (lARC, 1977). 

Anecdotal exposure to pentachlorophenol has been associated with aplastic anaemia and/or red-cell aplasia (Roberts, 1983). Thirteen cases of industrial, home and accidental pentachlorophenol exposure in 11 men and two women having aplastic anaemia, pure red cell aplasia and associated disorders were reported. Exposure levels were not known except for one patient, who had concentrations in the serum of 250 ng/mL and in bone marrow of 330 ng/mL (Roberts, 1990). 

Side-effects include disturbances of the hematopoietic system such as agranulocytosis and aplastic anaemia (Faich, 1987) and limit its use to the treatment of conditions in which other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do not show sufficient efficacy. 

Johnson RS, Moore WG. Fatal aplastic anaemia after treatment of thyrotoxicosis with potassium perchlorate. BMJ 1961 5236 1369-71. 

Retsagi G, Kelly JP, Kaufman DW. Risk of agranulocytosis and aplastic anaemia in relation to use of antithyroid drugs. International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anaemia Study. BMJ 1988 297(6643) 262-5. 

Jones ALaM, JL, Clinical Hematology Aplastic Anaemia. Balliere Tindall, London, 1989. 

Unfortunately, a few cases of aplastic anaemia have been reported which may be drug related. This has led to the untimely withdrawal of the drug from the European market. 

Aplastic anaemia, manifesting itself by a fall of the number of red and white corpuscles, caused by the dysfunction of the bone marrow. Almost all of these cases end in death. 

Crawford [126] recorded 24 cases of aplastic anaemia in Great Britain, all of them the result of exposure to TNT during World War n. 

---