Lead zirconate titanate films

The alcohol exchange reaction was shown above in equation (2). The reactive alkoxy group (OR) is replaced by an alkoxy group that has less hydrolysis sensitivity (OR ). A representative example here is the use of reagents such as zirconium n-propoxide and titanium /-propoxide, both of which possess polar bonds, for the production of lead zirconate titanate films. Commonly in these processes, R OH is 2-methoxyethanol (CH3OCH2CH2OH), which is generally present as a bidentate ligand.35... 

Barrow, D. A. Petroff, T. E. Tandon, R. P Sayer, M. 1997. Characterization of thick lead zirconate titanate films fabricated using a new sol gel based process. I. Appl. Phys. 81 876-881. 

Reaney, I. M. Brooks, K. Klissurka, R. Pawlaczyk, C. Setter, N. 1994. Use of transmission electron microscopy for the characterization of rapid thermally annealed solution-gel, lead zirconate titanate films. /. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77 1209-1216. 

Takenaka S., Kozuka H. Sol-gel preparation of single-layer, 0.75 /xm thick lead zirconate titanate films from lead nitrate-titanium and zirconium alkoxide solutions containing poly vinylp3rrolidone. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001 79 3485-3487... 

Merklein, S. Sporn, D. Schonecker, A. 1992. Crystallization behavior and electrical properties of wet-chemically deposited lead zirconate titanate. In Ferroelectric Thin Films III, edited by Tuttle, B. A. Myers, E. R. Desu, S. B. Larsen, P. K. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 310 263-268. 

Losego, M. D. Trolier-McKinstry, S. 2004. Mist deposition of micron thick lead zirconate titanate thick films. In Ferroelectric Thin Films XII, edited by Hoffmann-Eifert, S. Funakubo, H. Kingon, A. I. Koutsaroff, I. Joshi, V. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 784(C11.28) l-6. 

A variety of piezoelectric transducers have been employed for PAC. Ceramic transducers, usually lead zirconate titanate, are most commonly employed because of their sensitivity, time resolution and commercial availability. However, their acoustic response is often dominated by their own resonance, and so polymeric film detectors, such as polyvinylidenedifluoride, are often used. These piezoelectric materials are non-resonant, but not as sensitive as the ceramic detectors. Again, each detector has its own advantages (and disadvantages).14,15... 

Zhang H, Leppavuori S, Karjalainen P (1995) Raman spectra in laser ablated lead zirconate titanate thin films near the morphotropic phase boundary. J Appl Phys 77 2691 Ching-Prado E, Cordero J, Katiyar RS, Bhalla AS (1996) Temperature-dependent Raman scattering in PT and PMN-PT thin films. J Vac Sci Technol A 14 762... 

A broad range of electronic ceramic materials have been prepared by CSD, but three material systems have dominated the field of ferroelectric thin films. These include the perovskites PbZr03-PbTi03 (lead zirconate titanate PZT), BaTi03-SrTi03 (barimn strontium titanate BST), and the layered perovskite SrBi2Ta209 (strontium bismuth tantalate SBT). The extensive solid solubility ranges... 

The sensor is illustrated schematically in Fig. 1. The piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensor is a macro-cantilever that comprises piezoelectric layer (lead zirconate titanate PZT) layer bonded to a nonpiezoelectric layer of a few millimeters in length and 1 mm in width (9,21). We use the direct piezoelectric effect to excite the cantilever, and the same PZT film senses the resulting response. PZT film is bonded to a base glass... 

Hsueh, C. C., and McCartney, M. L., Microstructural development and electrical properties of sol-gel prepared lead zirconate-titanate thin films, J. Mater, Res., 6, 2208 (1991). 

The principal materials used for pyroelectric detectors are members of the TGS group, lithium tantalate, strontium barium niobate, ceramics members of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) group and, more recently, films of the polymers polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVFj). 

Du, X.H., Belegundu, U., and Uchino, K. (1997) Crystal orientation dependence of piezoelectric properties in lead zirconate titanate theoretical expectations for thin films. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 36 (9A), 5580-5587. Reprinted with permission from American Institute of Physics. 

Kingon, A.I. and Srinivasan, S. (2005) Lead zirconate titanate thin films directly on copper electrodes for ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric applications. Nat. Mater., 4 (3), 233-237. 

Paton, E., Brazier, M., Mansour, S., and Bement, A. (1997) A critical study of defect migration and ferroelectric fatigue in lead zirconate titanate thin film capacitors imder extreme temperatures. Integr. Ferrodear., 18, 29-37. 

Thin films of BaTi03 [11] and lead zirconate titanate [12] have been prepared by cathodic reduction. Konno and co-workers [13] have obtained thin films of La, M Cr03 (M = Ca, Sr) by heat treatment (700 °C, 10 min) of the hydroxy-chromate precursor obtained by cathodic reduction of a mixed metal nitrate solution containing (NH )2Cr20.j. Films of LaFeOj are prepared by heat treatment of an electrosynthesized hydroxide precursor at 7(X) °C (which is much lower than the temperature (>1000 C) used in the conventional ceramic preparation)... 

Abstract. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick films, a few tens of micrometres thick, are of technological interest for integration with microsystems to create micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) with high sensitivity and power output. This paper examines the challenges faced in integrating thick film PZT with other materials to create functional micro devices. Thermal, chemical and mechanical challenges associated with integration will be examined and potential solutions explored. 

C. Pettiford, J. Lou, L. Russell, N. X. Sun, Strong Magnetoelectric Coupling at Microwave Frequencies in Metallic Magnetic Film / Lead Zirconate Titanate Multiferroic Composites, Appl Plys. Lett, 92,122506 (2008). 

Adamyan AZ, Adamian ZN, Aroutiounian VM, Schierbaum KD, Han S-D (2009) Improvement and stabflization of thin-lilm hydrogen sensors parameters. Armenian J Phys 2(3) 200-212 Akedo J, Lebedev M (1999) Microstructure and electrical properties of lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr, film deposited with aerosol deposition method. Jpn J Appl Phys 38 5397-5401 Andersen SK, Johannessen T, Mosleh M, Wedel S, Tranto J, Livbjerg H (2002) The formation of porous membranes by filtration of aerosol nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 4 405-416... 

Ferroelectric thin films which are being developed for nonvolatile memory applications are most often based on the use of solution-deposited lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Solution deposition generally involves the following steps (1) preparation of the precursor solution from metal alkoxide and carboxylate compounds (2) the tailoring of solution characteristics such as solids content, viscosity. 

K. G. Brooks, J. Chen, K. R. Udayakumar, and L. E. Cross. Lead Zirconate Titanate Stanate Thin Films for Large Strain Microactuator Applications. ... 

Mescher M, Abe T, Brunett B, Metla H, Schlesinger TE, Reed M (1995) Piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate actuator films for microelectrome-chanical system applications. Paper presented at the MEMS 95, Amsterdam, 29 January - 2 February 1995... 

Shimomura K, Tsurumi T, Ohba Y, Daimon M (1991) Preparation of lead zirconate titanate thin film by hydrothermal method. Jpn J Appl Phys 30(9B) 2174-2177... 

The hydrothermal method to synthesize perovskites thin films and powders has a number of advantages, such as high purity and high quality of the product. In order to promote hydrothermal reactions, Ohta et al. [57] developed an ultra-sonic-assisted hydrothermal method and confirmed that it produces dense and thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films. For this film, ultrasonic irradiation was used from the beginning of the reaction for 18h, followed by a 6h deposition without ultrasonic irradiation. These results indicate that the ultrasonic irradiation mainly promotes the nucleation process and during the ultrasonic irradiation, the number of grains increases. 

Arscott S., Kurchania R., Miles R.E., Milne S.J. Lead zirconate titanate thin films on GaAs substrates. J. Mater. Sci. 1997 32 6129-6133... 

---