Aerosol deposition method

Adamyan AZ, Adamian ZN, Aroutiounian VM, Schierbaum KD, Han S-D (2009) Improvement and stabflization of thin-lilm hydrogen sensors parameters. Armenian J Phys 2(3) 200-212 Akedo J, Lebedev M (1999) Microstructure and electrical properties of lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr, film deposited with aerosol deposition method. Jpn J Appl Phys 38 5397-5401 Andersen SK, Johannessen T, Mosleh M, Wedel S, Tranto J, Livbjerg H (2002) The formation of porous membranes by filtration of aerosol nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 4 405-416... 

Sahner K, Kaspar M, Moos R (2009) Assessment of the aerosol deposition method for preparing metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature. Sens Actuators B Chem 139 394-399 Samsonov GV (1973) The oxide handbook. IFl/Plenum, New York, NY... 

J. Akedo, and M. Lebedev, Ceramics Coating Technology Based on Impact Adhesion Phenomenon with Ultrafine Particles-Aerosol Deposition Method for High Speed Coating at Low Temperatnre- , Materia Japan, Vol. 41, No. 7 (2002) pp. 459 66. 

Y. Imanaka, J. Akedo, Integrated RF Module Produced By Aerosol Deposition Method , Proc 54th Electronic Components and Technology Conf, Las Vegas, NV, June. (2004), pp. 1614-21. 

Kaufman, J. W. (1999). The role of upper airway heat and water vapor exchange in hygroscopic aerosol deposition iii the human airway. In Toxicity Assessment Alternatives Methods, Issues, Opportunities (H. Salem and S.A. Katz, Eds.), pp. 63-70. Humana Press Inc., Totow a, NJ. 

Clair C. Patterson, T. J. Chow, and M. Murozumi. The Possibility of Measuring Variations in the Intensity of Worldwide Lead Smelting during Medieval and Ancient Times Using Lead Aerosol Deposits in Polar Snow Strata. In Scientific Methods in Medieval Archaeology. Rainer Berger, ed. Berkeley University of California Press, 1970, pp. 339-350. 

Kenny, D., Snel, M., Brown, J., Bateman, B., Coleman, J., Petrie, J. R., Laidlaw, H., and Ashford, M. (2005). Evaluation of a new aerosol matrix deposition method for atmospheric pressure and vacuum MALDI ion imaging. In Proceedings of the 53rd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Antonio, TX. 

Aerosol-assisted CVD introduces rapid evaporation of the precursor and short delivery time of vapor precursor to the reaction zone. The small diffusion distance between the reactant and intermediates leads to higher deposition rates at relatively low temperatures. Single precursors are more inclined to be used in AACVD therefore, due to good molecular mixing of precursors, the stoichiometry in the synthesis of multicomponent materials can be well controlled. In addition, AACVD can be preformed in an open atmosphere to produce thin or thick oxide films, hence its cost is low compared to sophisticated vacuum systems. CVD methods have also been modified and developed to deposit solid phase from gaseous precursors on highly porous substrates or inside porous media. The two most used deposition methods are known as electrochemical vapor deposition (EVD) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). 

Definitions of particle diameters derived by different methods have been described in detail [4]. The aerodynamic diameter is defined as the diameter of a unit-density sphere having the same settling velocity, generally in air, as the particle. This encompasses particle shape, density, and physical size, all of which influence the aerodynamic behavior of the particle. As a dynamic parameter, it can generally be linked with aerosol deposition and specifically with that in the lung [5]. 

Small particles deposited on a surface can be observed by optical or electron miemscopy, depending on their size. This is the primary measurement method upon which most aerosol sizing methods arc tiki male ly based. 

His work also involved studies of aerosol dynamics in the hnman respiratory system, inclnding transport through the upper airways down into the Inng. These studies informed research by others on both detrimental and therapentic aspects of aerosols. For example, his early work on aerosol deposition in the lung led to the later development by others of methods to deliver therapentic drugs directly to the lung. 

All of the sample collection methods suffer from inlet losses, as the reactive organic peracids and peroxides tend to decompose on unconditioned surfaces. Aerosols deposited in samphng hnes can also react with the peroxides, with subsequent loss of sample. For this reason, sample lines must be kept clean and as short as possible. A surfaceless intake scmbber has been designed to avoid surface loss. This system minimizes surface contact of the sample by eliminating all surfaces at the intake. 

Chua HL, CoUis GG, Maxwell L, Chan K, Langford JH, Newbury AM, Bower GD, Le Souef PN. The effect of age and method of dehvery on aerosol deposition in children Am Rev Respir Dis 1991 143 ... 

It should be noted that the second and the third approaches assume a subsequent high-temperature treatment which will reduce the effectiveness of the methods and limit their application. It is obvious that the third approach cannot be used with thin-film technology this approach is limited mainly to ceramics, for which high-temperature annealing is one of the usual steps in the manufacture of chemical sensors. The second and third approaches also assume that at least one of the components participating in solid-phase reactions has sufficient mobility at the annealing temperatures used. Regarding the first approach, for its realization, one could use all methods of synthesis and deposition, as described in Korotcenkov and Cho (2010). However, the most effective for this approach are sol-gel synthesis processes and aerosol-phase deposition methods. 

Fig. 23.8 Influence of bulk doping by Pt and Pd on normalized response of differently fabricated SnO -based sensors to CO. (1) Sn02 Pt Aims were deposited by spray pyrolysis of hydrolyzed solution (2,500 ppm, 7 =300-350 °C) (Data extracted from Ramgir et al. 2006). (2) Sn02 Pd powders were prepared by the reverse micelle method (200 ppm, 7 p =300 °C) (Data extracted from Yuasa et al. 2009). (3) SnO iPt films were synthesized in one step using the flame spray pyrolysis (50 ppm, 7p =300 °C) (Data extracted from Madler et al. 2006). (4) Sn02iPt films were prepared by using a submicroscopic aerosol pyrolysis method (1,300 ppm, T -250 °C) (Data extracted from Matko et al. 2002)...

Matrix solution is optimized for proteins, prepares the entire surface of the tissue for imaging, results in tissue deformation and analyte redistribution on the order of 1 Jtm, and is among the most rapid of all matrix deposition methods. The sensor controlled aerosol we present is optimized for small... 

Existing methods for monitoring the transport of gases were inadequate for studying aerosols. To solve the problem, qualitative and quantitative information were needed to determine the sources of pollutants and their net contribution to the total dry deposition at a given location. Eventually the methods developed in this study could be used to evaluate models that estimate the contributions of point sources of pollution to the level of pollution at designated locations. 

In addition to the deposition mechanisms themselves, methods for preliminary conditioning of aerosols may be used to increase the effectiveness of the deposition mechanisms subsequently apphed. One such conditioning method consists of imposing on the gas nigh-intensity acoustic vibrations to cause collisions and flocculation of the aerosol particles, producing large particles that can be separated by simple inertial devices such as cyclones. This process, termed sonic (or acoustic) agglomeration, has attained only hmited commercial acceptance. 

Another conditioning method, adaptable to scrubber systems, consists of inducing condensation of water vapor on the aerosol particles as nuclei, increasing the size of the particles and making them more susceptible to collec tion by inertial deposition. 

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