Lactose intolerant

Digestion of lactose is facilitated by the p glycosidase lactase A deficiency of this enzyme makes it difficult to digest lactose and causes abdominal discomfort Lactose intolerance is a genetic trait it is treatable through over the counter formulations of lac tase and by limiting the amount of milk m the diet... 

A much more common metabolic disorder, lactose intolerance, occurs commonly in most parts of the world (notable exceptions being some parts of Africa and northern Europe). Lactose intolerance is an inability to digest lactose because of the absence of the enzyme lactase in the intestines of adults. The symptoms of this disorder, which include diarrhea and general discomfort, can be relieved by eliminating milk from the diet. 

Lactose, the milk sugar, is a reducing disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose moieties. The estimated annual worldwide availability of lactose as a byproduct from cheese manufacture is several million tons [1,2], but only about 400 000 t/a lactose is processed further from cheese whey [3], Non-processed whey is an environmental problem due to its high biochemical and chemical oxygen demand [2], The use of lactose as such is limited by two main factors relatively low solubility of lactose in most solvents and lactose intolerance in human body [1]. 

Lactose intolerance is responsible for many cases of acute diarrhea, especially in patients of African descent, Asians, and Native Americans. Foods should be considered as possible causes, especially fat substitutes, dairy products, and products containing non-absorbable carbohydrates. 

Osmotic diarrhea results from the intake of unabsorbable but water-soluble solutes in the intestinal lumen leading to water retention. Common causes include lactose intolerance and ingestion of magnesium-containing antacids. 

Testing for lactose deficiency can confirm the presence of lactose intolerance, which may explain the symptoms. 

Diarrhea Drug related Antibiotic-induced bacterial overgrowth Hyperosmolar medications administered via feeding tubes Antacids containing magnesium Malabsorption Hypoalbuminemia/gut mucosal atrophy Pancreatic insufficiency Inadequate GIT surface area Rapid GIT transit Radiation enteritis Tube feeding related Rapid formula administration Formula hyperosmolalty Low residue (fiber) content Lactose intolerance Bacterial contamination... 

Lactose intolerance Inability of the body to digest lactose. 

Because of the high incidence of lactose intolerance in the general population, lactose is not recommended as a sweetener for pediatric populations [70]. Aspartame, a phenylalanine derivative, is incorporated in many chewable tablets and sugar-free dosage forms. Aspartame-containing products should be avoided in children with autosomal recessive phenylketonuria [54]. 

D. Paige, E. Leonardo, and J. Nakasima, Response of lactose intolerant children to different lactose levels, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 25, 467 (1972). 

Observations of person-to-person differences in the metabolism of drugs and consequently in drug kinetics and response led to the concepts of pharmacogenetics. The same principal concepts apply to the genetic variability in the reaction to food components (e.g., lactose intolerance) or to environmental toxins (e.g., carcinogens). These fields often are termed ecogenetics and toxicogenetics . 

Food intolerance occurs when a food ingredient cannot be metabolised. The commonest food intolerance is lactose intolerance. This occurs when the enzyme lactase is absent. This happens when humans do not consume milk after weaning a state which is the norm in most of Asia. Thus it is possible that the bulk of the world s population is lactose intolerant. 

Some individuals are unable to metabolise lactose and are lactose intolerant. This is because they lack the enzyme lactase that is needed to metabolise lactose. Lactose intolerance is common in those parts of the world where humans do not consume any dairy products after weaning. In practice this means in Asia, which means that most of the world s population might be lactose intolerant. It is possible to produce lactose removed skim milk. Another approach with lactose is to hydrolyse it to its constituent monosaccharides. As well as avoiding lactose intolerance this allows a syrup to be produced from cheese whey. These syrups are offered as an ingredient for toffees and caramels. 

Simoons, F.J. (1969). Primary adult lactose intolerance and the milking habit a problem in biological and cultural interrelations. I. Review of the medical research. American Journal of Digestive Diseases 14 819-836. 

The only full-fat oilseed flour with significant domestic sales is soy. It has been used in bakery products, breakfast cereals, canned baby foods, canned infant formulas for lactose-intolerant babies, and adult dietary beverages (24). 

Food intolerances are mostly caused by substances other than proteins and affect a limited number of individuals. Examples include sulfite-induced asthma, lactose intolerance, MSG-induced headache and flushing, etc., yet these substances are only associated with these symptoms and remain unproven as causative agents. Significant levels of these non-flavor ingredients are typically required to elicit this type of reaction, and there is no evidence that flavoring substances are involved (Taylor and Dormedy, 1998). 

Enzymes are involved in many functions of the human body, including digestion and metabolism. For example, the enzyme lactase is responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of lactose, a sugar found in milk. People who are lactose-intolerant are usually missing lactase, or they have insufficient amounts. If you are lactose-intolerant, you can take commercially produced supplements that contain lactase. 

Human disorders and conditions are sometimes caused by the lack of an enzyme. For example, lactose intolerance is caused by low concentrations of lactase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose (the sugar in milk). Find out about lactose intolerance or another condition that is caused by a missing enzyme. How are the conditions diagnosed Have treatments been developed How effective are the treatments ... 

Coeliac disease refers to a chronic condition in which the small intestine has an unusual sensitivity to gluten. The condition may be secondary to lactose intolerance. Patients with coeliac disease must therefore follow a gluten-free diet. 

In contrast to sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones, miglitol does not enhance insulin secretion. Miglitol has minor inhibitory activity against lactase and, at recommended doses, would not be expected to induce lactose intolerance. 

Cefditoren contains sodium caseinate, a milk protein. Do not administer cefditoren to patients with milk protein hypersensitivity (not lactose intolerance). 

Small-intestine lactase (GH 1), the absence of which is associated with lactose intolerance in a large proportion of the adult population, was probed with monodeoxy as well as selected mono-O-methyl derivatives in the galactose moiety of methyl lactosides.112 This enzyme required hydroxyl groups at C-2 and also C-3, while neither the presence of a 4-OH group nor a specific configuration at C-4 was prerequisites for successful hydrolysis. A 6 -deoxy lactoside was readily hydrolyzed, but the absence of 6-OH in the gluco moiety caused it to be a poor substrate. 

NA /D, abd pain, bleeding, fevCT, T QT Interactions t Effects W7 atazanavir, clarithromycin, CT5rthromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, nefazodone, nelfi-navir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin X effects W7 antacids, carbamazqjine, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampicin, St. John s wort EMS Drug contains lactose, may cause D/abd discomfort in pts w/ lactose intolerance OD Sxs unknown symptomatic and supportive... 

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