Pancreatic atrophy insufficiency

Diarrhea Drug related Antibiotic-induced bacterial overgrowth Hyperosmolar medications administered via feeding tubes Antacids containing magnesium Malabsorption Hypoalbuminemia/gut mucosal atrophy Pancreatic insufficiency Inadequate GIT surface area Rapid GIT transit Radiation enteritis Tube feeding related Rapid formula administration Formula hyperosmolalty Low residue (fiber) content Lactose intolerance Bacterial contamination... 

Plugging of pancreatic ducts results in atrophy and fibrosis Pancreatic insufficiency... 

On US, the pancreas with CF is characteristically of an echogenic texture secondary to fatty infiltration (Fig. 4.17). An enlarged pancreas may be seen initially with a subsequent atrophy later in life. Pancreatic duct dilatation and calcifications may be seen. Small cysts (anechoic areas) without vascular communication can be identified. Although a hyperechogenic pancreas is very typical of CF, some other diseases such as Schwachman-Diamond syndrome (exocrine pancreas insufficiency associated with bone marrow dysfunction, cyclic neutropenia, metaphyseal diastasis and growth retardation), hemosiderosis, chronic pancreatitis, and administration of steroids may also reveal this feature (Feigelson et al. 2000). 

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