Laboratory values

These laboratory values may not concur with the normal range ot values in all hospitals and laboratories. The hospital policy manual or laboratory values sheet should be consulted tor the normal ranges ot all laboratory tests. 

Dosing and Administration Mitoxantrone is infused intravenously over 30 minutes to reduce the chance of cardiotoxicity.46 Mitoxantrone is administered every 3 months, if cardiac function and laboratory values are normal (Table 26-6). 

Success of therapy for thyroid disorders must be based not only on short-term improvement of the patient s clinical status and abnormal laboratory values but also on achievement of a long-term euthyroid state. Maintaining the TSH level in the normal range improves symptoms and reduces the risk of long-term complications. 

What laboratory value(s) will help to confirm the diagnosis of menopause ... 

Mean cell volume (MCV) 80-96 fL/cell A widely used laboratory value to measure RBC "size" higher values indicate macrocytosis and lower values indicate microcytosis. 

After treatment, patients should be monitored for symptom and laboratory value resolution, hemoglobin concentration, and adverse effects. The goal of anemia therapy is to correct the underlying source of the anemia, normalize the hemoglobin, and alleviate associated symptoms. 

A 70-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of diffuse abdominal pain and nonbloody diarrhea. One day earlier he had been discharged from the hospital, where he had received ceftriaxone and levofloxacin for 7 days for an upper respiratory infection. Soon after going home, he passed numerous liquid brown stools. A few hours later, the patient became disoriented, and an ambulance was called. His medical history is unremarkable. Laboratory values White blood cell count 50,000 cells/mm3, hematocrit 43%, sodium 125 mmol/L, potassium 5.6 mmol/L, C02 14 mmol/L, and metabolic acidosis. An abdominal radiograph series show no evidence of obstruction. The patient was admitted to the hospital. 

Laboratory values Tlactate, 4-arterial pH, iserum bicarbonate, TAST/ALT, TPT, TT.bili, Tamylase/lipase (with pancreatitis)... 

This patient has the subjective symptoms of weight loss, decreased appetite, shortness of breath, and cough. Abnormal laboratory values include elevated temperature, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, and decreased CD4 count. Chest x-ray shows diffuse interstitial infiltrates bilaterally. Physical exam reveals thrush. The assessment is possible AIDS with CD4 count of 150 cells/mm3, thrush, a respiratory illness (possibly Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia), and anemia of chronic disease. He also has a history of hepatitis B, hypertension, and GERD (on famotidine), poor adherence to his anti hypertensive medications, and likely has an irregular daily regimen due to his occupation as a truck driver. 

Check patient laboratory values to ensure that the complete blood count (CBC) and organ function studies are normal prior to administering chemotherapy. 

Early breast cancer is resected completely with curative intent, and adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy are initiated to prevent recurrence. During adjuvant chemotherapy, laboratory values to monitor chemotherapy toxicity are obtained prior to each cycle of chemotherapy. After completion of adjuvant therapy, patients are monitored every 3 months for the first few years after diagnosis, with intervals between exams extended as time from diagnosis lengthens. 

Patients receiving PN should have specific laboratory values checked to assess electrolyte status, organ function, and nutritional status, and these parameters should be monitored as indicated clinically. 

Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, Table 296-2, Chapter 296, Normal Laboratory Values. Available at www.merck.com/ mrkshared/mmanual/tables/296tb2h.jsp accessed November 21, 2005. 

Table 1,2,3, and 4, normal laboratory values.17 ACP Medicine 2005 available at http //online.statref.com/UserLogin. aspx 6dd=48 docid=2681 Path=/document.aspx Product=StatRef Produc tID=48 accessed November 21, 2005. 

Laboratory values expressed as both conventional units and Systeme International (SI) units. Including both units of measurement facilitates use of this book throughout the world. 

At times you need to perform some form of floating-point number comparison. The following example illustrates such a comparison where you are setting laboratory value flags to indicate whether a lab test is above or below normal. 

At the Keele Valley landfill, just outside Toronto, however, some excellent field data have been obtained. At this particular site, a 3-ft clay liner spanning 10 acres is monitored by a series of underdrains. Each underdrain measures 15 m2 and is made of HDPE. The underdrains track the liquid as it moves down through the soil liner. The underdrains have been monitored for more than 2 years and have consistently measured hydraulic conductivities of about 1 x 10-8 cm/s. Those field values are essentially identical to the laboratory values. 

Diagnosis of anemia in pediatric populations requires the use of age- and sex-adjusted norms for laboratory values. 

Thorough medical and medication histories, physical examination, assessment of laboratory values and if needed, imaging studies, are important in the diagnosis of ARF. 

Common laboratory tests are used to classify the cause of ARF. Functional ARF, which is not included in this table, would have laboratory values similar to those seen in prerenal azotemia. However, the urine osmolality-to-plasma osmolality ratios may not exceed 1.5, depending on the circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone. The laboratory results listed under acute intrinsic renal failure are those seen in acute tubular necrosis, the most common cause of acute intrinsic renal failure. 

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