Indicative values

Table 5.8 Values for AH and AS for the Ring-Opening Polymerization, Reaction (5.FF), for Monomers with the Indicated Values of 1...

Figure 8.3 Volume fraction polymer in equilibrium phases for chains of different length, (a) Theoretical curves drawn for the indicated value of n, with the interaction parameter as the ordinate. Note that x increases downward. (Redrawn from Ref. 6.) (b) Experimental curves for the molecular weights indicated, with temperature as the ordinate. [Reprinted with permission from A. R. Shultz and P. J. Flory, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 4760 (1952), copyright 1952 by the American Chemical Society.]...

Table 10.2 Values for Kcj/R at the Indicated Values of 9 and Cj for Solutions of Polystyrene in Benzene at 546 nm...

AH values are maximum unless otherwise indicated. Value is minimum. 

Once the indicator is defined, a model can be developed that predicts the indicator value as a function of an emission. Such models are normally simple linear models defined by characterization factors. If an emission is niuitiplied by a characterization factor, an indicator value is obtained. 

The sum of indicator values obtained when multiplying all emissions assigned to that impact category by their respective characterization factors is called the category indicator result. The indicator moles of may, for instance, be the sum of contributions from sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen chloride, and there is a characterization factor for each of them relative to the indicator. 

An indicator result could, for instance, be compared to the total indicator value in an area, or to the average indicator value per inhabitant per year. Other common methods are to compare with national reduction targets and with damage costs from emissions and resource depletion. Sometimes these are weighed across impact categories made by expert panels. However, some studies using this technique would not meet the requirement of transparency for the weighting process set by ISO. 

Key Colour % indicates preparation but no report of colour) mp/°C (na indicates value not reported) coordination 9 ttp = tricapped trigonal prismatic 8 d = dodecahedral 8 sa = square antiprismatic 8 btp = bicapped trigonal prismatic 8,7 = mixed 8- and 7-coordination (SrBr2 structure) 7 cc = capped octahedral 7 pbp = pentagonal bipyramidal 6 o = octahedral 6 och = octahedral chain, 6 ol = octahedral layered. 

If there is the possibility of apor and liquid rates being reduced to 50% of the indicated values, this would place the trays as selected above at the dumping point, or activation point, which is not a good operating condition. In this situation the number of holes should be reduced in order to maintain a velocity of vapor through the holes greater by at least 15% than the activation velocity. 

Amy leneozonide (T rimethylethyl eneozonide). Harries et al (Ref 2) claimed to have prepd two expl products on.treating trimethylethylene (CsHt 0) with ozone. The first corresponded to the formula CgHjoOg, while the second, more expl than the first, CSH 0O4 (amylene-oxo ozonide). Both substances were syrups of different densities and refractive indices (values not given)... 

Results. Values computed on the John von Neumann Center s Control Data Corporation Cyber 205 are displayed and compared to literature results for other model-chains in Figure 3. Squares indicate values obtained in our Monte Carlo simulations, while diamonds are results of Priest s (12) analytical approximation for very narrow pores. 

Apparently, the slip length diverges when 0. In practice, the shear strain in Eq. (5) will approach zero in such a case, thus leaving the velocity jump finite. Several experimental results on cf have been reported [6, 7], most of them indicating values between 0.8 and 1.0, compatible with rough walls. 

During the course of the certification, some laboratories individually determined and reported values for a total of 14 additional elements (Ba, Br, Ca, Co, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, P, S, As, Se, Sn, and V). The obtained indicative values were not certified, as the data did not meet the already mentioned requirements for certification, but is presented as information values in the publication quoted above. 

Figure 4.4 shows an example for the use of several CRMs from NIST and BCR with certified or indicative values for chromium for the construction of a calibration curve. Increasing intakes of the CRMs were used covering the range 3-23 ng Cr. 

Fig. 1. Mean lifetimes of a single water molecule in the first coordination sphere of a given metal ion, th2o> and the corresponding water exchange rate constants, h2o- The tall bars indicate directly determined values, and the short bars indicate values deduced from ligand substitution studies. References to the plotted values appear in the text.

Of the parameters listed, only the ovality and the indicator value for the alkanes 4 are unfamiliar entities that are obtained from literature [17]. 

Using liposomes made from phospholipids as models of membrane barriers, Chakrabarti and Deamer [417] characterized the permeabilities of several amino acids and simple ions. Phosphate, sodium and potassium ions displayed effective permeabilities 0.1-1.0 x 10 12 cm/s. Hydrophilic amino acids permeated membranes with coefficients 5.1-5.7 x 10 12 cm/s. More lipophilic amino acids indicated values of 250 -10 x 10-12 cm/s. The investigators proposed that the extremely low permeability rates observed for the polar molecules must be controlled by bilayer fluctuations and transient defects, rather than normal partitioning behavior and Born energy barriers. More recently, similar magnitude values of permeabilities were measured for a series of enkephalin peptides [418]. 

The acidity function is determined by successive use of a range of indicators. Hammett and Deyrup started with p-nitroaniline, the pKAl of which in a dilute aqueous solution is 1.11 (the solvolysis constant has been identified with the acidity constant). Since in a dilute aqueous solution, Yb = Ybh+ 1, the acidity function for the aqueous media goes over to the PH scale. By means of p-nitroaniline, the acidity constant of another somewhat more acidic indicator is obtained under conditions such that both forms of each indicator are present at measurable concentrations. Then H0 as well as the p A2 of the other indicator is determined by using Eq. (1.4.40). By means of this indicator, values of H0 not accessible with p-nitroaniline may be reached. The H0 scale is further extended by using a third indicator and its p A, is determined in the same way (see Fig. 1.11). The concentration ratios are determined photometrically in the visual or ultraviolet region. Figure 1.12 shows the dependence of H0 on the composition of the H2S04-H20 mixture and was obtained as indicated above. 

The Average Annual Proceeds per Dollar of Outlay is obtained by dividing the Proceeds per Dollar of Outlay by the number of years that it is estimated the plant will operate. Again, the plant having the highest indicator value is considered the best. 

Fig. 14. Integral diffusivities of Cu2 +, corrected for migration effect, as a function of true ionic strength, /r. Circles and triangles indicate values reported by Selman (S8) and Hsueh (H7), squares indicate results of Arvia el al. (A5). Diaphragm cell diffusivities according to Fenech (F3) and capillary cell diffusivities according to Hsueh (H7) are also shown. [From Selman (S8).]...

Figure 1. Stress-time data from stress-strain curves measured in simple tension at 30°C on the LHT-240 polyurethane elastomer at seven extension rates, A from 9.4 X t° 9.4 min 1. Key 0,9, stress as a function of time ( — 1)/X, at the indicated values of strain, ( — 1).

From Ref. (209) except where otherwise indicated values refer to aqueous solution at 298K, 7 0.1M unless otherwise indicated. 

Instrument/Equipment Effects Examples include the calibration and precision of an analytical balance, the specified tolerance for volumetric glassware and a temperature controller that maintains a mean temperature which is different (within specification) from its indicated value. 

Unless otherwise indicated, values are for infiltrative anesthesia. 

In this section, the numerical solutions of the MINLP-model and of the MILP-model as presented in Sections 7.4 and 7.5 are compared with respect to their solution quality (measured by the objective values) and the required solution effort (measured by the computing time). In order to compare the MILP-solution with the MINLP-solution, the optimized values for the start times of polymerizations tn, the recipe assignments W, and the total holdups Mnr are inserted into the MINLP-model and the objective is calculated. To guarantee comparability of the results, the models were stated with identical initial conditions, namely t° = 0, = 2 Vk, pf = 0 Vs, and ra = 0.4 Vs (i.e., the variables defined at the beginning of the corresponding time axes are fixed to the indicated values). For the algorithmic solution procedure, all variables were initialized by 1 (i.e., the search for optimal values starts at values of 1 ), and none of the solvers was specifically customized. 

Figure 7. Proposed form for the curve of the free energy of mixing in the system CaC03 - MgC03. The curve was calculated with the indicated values for the parameters n and W according to the proposed model of subregular solid solutions.

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