Japanese susceptibility

Nagasawa, S., M. Kondo, and M. Kasuya. 1981. Concentration of PCP inhibiting the development of roots at the early growth stage of rice and the difference of susceptibilities in varieties. Bull. Fac. Agric. Shimane Univ. 15 101-108 (in Japanese, English summary). 

Impairment of memory, delirium and immobility are some of the adverse dmg reactions from benzodiazepines. Elderly patients in nursing homes often receive benzodiazepines inappropriately (Oborne et al. 2003). The frailest elderly, who are most susceptible to ADR from benzodiazepines, use these drugs and often for long term. In a Japanese study it was shown that benzodiazepines were prescribed for longer terms as patient age increased (Nomura et al. 2007). Sometimes elderly patients in nursing homes are treated with benzodiazepines without actually talking to their nurse or physician (Holmquist et al. 2005). This makes it hard evaluate the treatment. 

The placebo effect manifests itself in many ways, revealing that a host of bodily reactions can be influenced by mental attitude and by what an individual believes should happen. One widely noted Japanese study reported monumental effects on the allergic reactions of thirteen volunteers who were highly susceptible to poison ivy. An investigator rubbed one arm of each volunteer with a harmless green leaf, which he identified as poison ivy. He touched the volunteer s other arm with an authentic leaf of poison ivy, which he said was harmless. Despite the subjects known susceptibility, only two of them showed an allergic reaction to the really poisonous leaf. All thirteen subjects, however, developed a rash where they had been rubbed with the misidentified leaf that was actually harmless. 

Japanese researchers have begun to evaluate alloying additions—Al, Ni, Co, and Mo—to vanadium in hopes decreasing the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement4 5. 

Other cyclic tetrapeptides have also been isolated by Japanese workers and AM toxins I, II, and III, isolated from Alternaria mail., are extremely toxic to certain plant species (9.10). These are constructed of L- i-hydroxyisovaleric acid, L-alanine, c-amino-acrylic acid and, in AM toxin I, L-6(-amino- -( .-methoxyphenyl)-valeric acid. The phenyl residue in AM toxin II is L-t(-amino-S-phenylvaleric acid, while in AM toxin III, it is L-ol-amino-( .-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid (Figure 2), All the AM toxins produce leaf spot, or necrosis, in apple but as might he expected slight change in substitution (R-group) on the phenyl ring radically alters the specific activity of the molecule. Both AM toxin I and III induce interveinal necrosis in the "Indo" apple cultivar, which is also highly susceptible to A. mail. at concentrations as low as 0.1 pph within 18 h after treatment. In contrast, the resistant apple cultivar "Jonathan" is only affected by 1 ppm of AM toxin I and 10 ppm of AM toxin III. 

Another oxidation reaction, which shows variation in human populations, is the oxidation of ethanol. This has been shown to be significantly lower in Canadian Indians compared with Caucasians, and thus the Indians are more susceptible to the effects of alcoholic drinks. The rate of metabolism in vivo in Indians is 0.101 g kg-1 hr-1 compared with 0.145 g kg-1 hr-1 in Caucasians. This seems to be due to variants in alcohol dehydrogenase, although differences in aldehyde dehydrogenase may also be involved. Variants of alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in increased metabolism have also been described within Caucasian and Japanese populations. 

Although very unreactive in massive forms, the finely divided metal may be pyrophoric, a Japanese study of this hazard has been reported [1]. Consequent upon an explosion in a tantalum dust collector, further study of powder explosion was made. Minimum ignition energies were found to be much lower than previously supposed. An oxide coating makes it susceptible to electrostatic charge generaton and discharge [2]. See entry PYROPHORIC METALS (references 3,9)... 

Kitao M. Lei T.T. Koike T. Kayama M. Tobita H. and Maruyama Y. (2007). Interaction of drought and elevated C02 on photosynthetic down-regulation and susceptibility to photoinhibition in Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) seedlings grown under limited N availability. Tree Physiology, 27, 727-735. 

Nakanishi, K., Kobayashi, T., Murase, T., Naruse, T., Nose, Y., et al. (1999) Human leukocyte antigen-A24 and-DQAl 0301 in Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes mel-litus independent contributions to susceptibility to the disease and additive contributions to acceleration of beta-cell destruction. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 3721-3725. 

Cells in culture are susceptible to microbial contamination from various sources. The cell line itself can contain viruses derived from the animal it originates from. Other sources of animal contamination are sera, additives to the culture media, or porcine trypsin used for detachment of adherent cells. Operators represent another contamination source. Bacterial and fungal contamination should be tested in 1% of the total number of ampoules, but not less than in two ampoules of MCB and WCB, according to the protocols described in the European, Japanese, or American... 

The Japanese sea quail (Cotumix cotumix japon-ica) is highly susceptible to the rapid development of severe experimental atherosclerosis (Day et al. 1975, 1977,1979,1990 Chapman et al. 1976). 

The Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition provided the soil map for assessing the susceptibility of Japanese soils to acid precipitation (7). Fig. 6 shows a summary of the map together with the annual deposition of sulfate (excess) at eleven stations in Japan. The most susceptible and most tolerant areas are distinguished on the map. The soils in unmarked regions of the map have intermediate susceptability. 

A. Wada et al, Map for assessing susceptibility of Japanese soils to acid precipitation, Japanese Society of Soil Sci. and Plant Nutrition, 1983. 

See also Deposition, Dry deposition, Wet deposition Acid precipitation susceptibility of Japanese soils, 271 See also Acid rain Acid rain... 

Fukui N, Muratake T, Kaneko N, Amagane H, Someya T. 2006. Supportive evidence for neuregulin 1 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Neurosci Lett 396 117-120. 

Arinami T, et al. 2005. Genomewide high-density SNP linkage analysis of 236 Japanese families supports the existence of schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosomes lp, 14q, and 20p. Am J Hum Genet 77 937-944. 

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