Cotumix japonica

Dietary studies with Japanese quail (Cotumix japonica) showed that tributyltin oxide affected reproduction at a dose where no overt toxicity was observed. Dietary levels as low as 60 mg tributyltin oxide/kg ration for 6 weeks was associated with decreased hatchability and decreased survival of chicks, although adults fed and behaved normally (Coenen et al. 1992). 

Guthrie, J. 1971. Zinc induction of testicular teratomas in Japanese quail (Cotumix cotumix japonica) after photo-periodic stimulation of testis. Brit. Jour. Cancer 25 311-314. 

Famphur is considered a Class II toxic compound to the Japanese quail (Cotumix japonica) according to the classification of Hill and Camardese (1986). Class II compounds (very toxic) kill 50% of the test organisms on diets containing 40 to 200 mg chemical/kg ration for 5 days followed by a 3-day observation. By comparison, the 50% kill in other classes (in mg/kg diet) is <40 in Class I (highly toxic), >200 to 1000 in Class III (moderately toxic), >1000 to <5000 in Class IV (slightly toxic), and >5000 in Class V (practically nontoxic) (Hill and Camardese 1986). Smith (1987) rates famphur as a Class I toxic compound, as judged by results of dietary tests with mallards. 

Three species of birds (mallard, Anas platyrhynchos domestic chicken, Gallus sp. Japanese quail, Cotumix japonica)... 

Wolff BG, Phillips RE. 1990. Effects of dietary aluminum on reproduction in Japanese quail cotumix cotumix japonica. Water Air Soil Pollut 50 293-299. 

Gutierrez, A.M., Reboredo, G.R., Mosca, S.M., and Catala, A. 2006. A low degree of fatty acid unsaturation leads to high resistance to lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of different organs of quail (Cotumix cotumix japonica). Mol. Cell. Biochem. 282 109-115. 

Bradfield, P.M. Baggott, G.K. (1993). The effect of water loss upon the urate, urea and ammonia content of the egg of the Japanese quail Cotumix cotumix japonica. Comp. Bochem. Physiol, 106A, 187-93. 

Bray, M.M. (1993). Effect of ACTH and glucocorticoids on lipid metabolism in the Japanese quail, Cotumix cotumix Japonica. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 105A, 689-96. 

Didier, R., Rem y, C. Demigne, C. (1981). Effet du jeune sur les principaux metabolites sanguins et hepatiques de la nroghicogen et de la cetogen chez la caille domestique adulte (Cotumix cotumix japonica). Reprod. Nutr. Dh>., 21, 421-8. 

Kato, S., Itoh, S., Miura, Y., Naito, H. Noguchi, T. (1990). Characterization of insulin receptors in primary cultures of quail Cotumix cotumix Japonica) oviduct cells. The level of insulin receptor is regulated by steroid and peptide hormones. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 97B, 783—91. 

QT6, stable and permanent cell line from methylcholanthrene-induced pectoralis fibrosarcomas of Japanese quail Cotumix cotumix Japonica developed by Antin and Ordahl, was used in this study. QT6 cells were grown in McCoy medium supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum and 1 % chicken serum to 80-90% confluence, fasted 16 h in serum-free medium, washed once with PBS and incubated for 2 h in different media varying in glucose (1 to 3 g/1 of glucose) and/or amino acid concentrations (0.5x to 2x). Cell samples were stored at -80 °C until further analysis. 

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