Substantial evidence

In 1971, levamisole, an anthelmintic compound widely used in catde and swine, was shown to improve the effects of an experimental Brucella abortus vaccine in mice. Since that time, the veterinarians and physicians have explored the effects of levamisole in such diverse areas as arthritis, lupus erythematosis, cancer therapy, respiratory diseases, Newcastle disease, foot-and-mouth disease, mastitis, and vaccine potentiation. Although the exact mechanism of action has as yet not been deterrnined there is substantial evidence that, under defined circumstances, levamisole can augment the animal s natural immune response (9). New immunostimulants include Staph Ijysate acemannon, NLAB-31. 

It is clear that free CH2 is not involved in the Simmons-Smith reaction, but there is substantial evidence to indicate that caibenes aie formed as intermediates in certain other reactions that convert alkenes to cyclopropanes. The most studied exanples of these reactions involve dichlorocaibene and dibromocaibene. 

This provides substantial evidence for shape similarity effect on the specific recognition. 

No one could deny, of course, that it is one thing for a theory to make predictions of the existence of hitherto unknown elements and quite another for it to make successful, empirically verified predictions. But neither Maher nor Lipton—nor, so far as we can see, anyone else—cites any substantial evidence for the sceptical attitude of Mendeleev s fellow scientists in 1869 or 1871 and the only evidence they cite for the increased confidence in the theory as a result of the successful predictions is the award to Mendeleev of the Davy Medal in 1882-— and this, as we show in the next sub-section, turns out to be (worse than) unconvincing. 

As indicated earlier, non-Newtonian characteristics have a much stronger influence on flow in the streamline flow region where viscous effects dominate than in turbulent flow where inertial forces are of prime importance. Furthermore, there is substantial evidence to the effect that for shear-thinning fluids, the standard friction chart tends to over-predict pressure drop if the Metzner and Reed Reynolds number Re R is used. Furthermore, laminar flow can persist for slightly higher Reynolds numbers than for Newtonian fluids. Overall, therefore, there is a factor of safety involved in treating the fluid as Newtonian when flow is expected to be turbulent. 

There are three common protocols for barbiturate detoxification. In all approaches, the goal is to prevent the occurrence of major symptoms and to minimize the development of intolerable minor symptoms. The first procedure is based on protocols described by several authors (Ewing and BakeweU 1967 Isbell 1950 Wilder 1968) (see Table 3 ). The first step is to determine the severity of tolerance. If the patient is intoxicated, no additional barbiturate should be given until the symptoms of intoxication have resolved. If there is substantial evidence or strong suspicion of chronic barbiturate use, it is not necessary or desirable to wait until withdrawal symptoms appear. A 200-mg oral dose of pentobarbital may be given on an empty stomach to a... 

Therefore, there is substantial evidence that GA can play a positive health-related role in addition to its well-known properties as an emulsifier. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to describe general aspects of the source, composition, and already known uses of GA as well as some new aspects of its antioxidant capacity against some reactive oxygen substances (ROS), and its antimicrobial activity (AMA). 

On the other hand, there is substantial evidence that plant responses to... 

Some deaths of cormorants in the field in Holland were attributed to PCB poisoning on more substantial evidence than was available in the foregoing incident (Koeman 1972 Walker 1990a). Birds found dead had mean liver and brain levels of 319 and 190 ppm, respectively, which are not very different from those found in experimentally poisoned individuals. 

The pattern of hormonal risk factors involved in the development of endometrial cancer is similar to those associated with the development of breast cancer. In addition, there is substantial evidence to suggest that HRT can increase the risk (Beral et al, 1999 Bingham et al, 1998). Compared to the UK, the incidence of endometrial cancer in countries such as Japan is relatively low (Bingham et al, 1998). It has been suggested that dietary factors may be responsible for the reduced incidence, and there is indirect evidence from epidemiology studies which suggests that increased consumption of soy products may lower the risk of endometrial cancer. However, these data are not conclusive. To date, no studies have demonstrated a link between consumption of phytoestrogens and an increased risk of endometrial cancer. 

There is substantial evidence from the aquatic environment for the existence of threshold concentrations below which rates of degradation of xenobiotics are slow or even negligible (Alexander 1985). A number of hypotheses have been put forward including the critical concentrations required for... 

Substantial evidence in a number of existing experimental studies can be easily reconciled with the models discussed in the present contribution. For example segregation of short chains reported during crystal growth [1] may be thought to arise with chains which are too short to form bundles and are thus unable to provide a sufficient amount of simultaneous attractive interactions with the crystal to yield stable adsorption. We recall in this respect that one of us obtained the correct trend of the minimum chain length of PE for crystal inclusion vs. the crystallization temperature, using the bundle approach [8]. 

The same pathway of activation has been postulated in the formation of quinones, although the putative 6-hydroxyBP precursor has never been isolated (19,20). In this mechanism, formation of quinones would proceed by autoxidation of 6-hydroxyBP (20). However, substantial evidence indicates that the first step in formation of quinones does not involve the typical attack of the electrophilic active oxygen to yield 6-hydroxyBP, but instead consists of the loss of one electron from BP to produce the radical cation. 

It is of interest to note that the polymer containing ZnSn(OH) does not burn in air even at 250°C and, accordingly, this composition has a temperature index of at least 50°C above that of the rubber containing ATH alone. The 01 and high temperature 01 data therefore provide substantial evidence as to the benefit of using ZnSn(OH) as a flame-retardant synergist with alumina trihydrate filler. 

Although histamine is not stored in neurons outside of the central nervous system, mast-cell-derived histamine can modify peripheral sensory nerve function. Both acute and chronic pain states can result from inflammation or peripheral nerve cell injury, and there is substantial evidence that mast cell histamine participates in these disorders. 

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