Other Infectious Diseases

After the final manuscript for this review article was prepared, Savaiano et al (Am. J. Clin. Nutr., Vol. 40, p. 1219) published an article which confirms that yogurt is tolerated better by milk-intolerant subjects. 

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The nature of the conditions of intensive production, however, can increase the risk of diseases and infections which can spread very rapidly and devastate large numbers of animals." Thus it is common practice for producers of poultry to add coccidiostats to their diets and vaccines to their drinking water in order to prevent coccidiosis and other infectious diseases such as bronchitis and Newcastle disease. A similar problem exists for intensively reared fish, where it is necessary to add antibiotics to their diets. A problem with intensively reared fish is that their diet is added directly into the water in which they live thus drugs and other additives in the diet are relatively easily dispersed into the local environment of fish farms, where they can increase bacterial resistance and also cause problems such as algal blooms. 

Eye, nose, and throat irritation dizziness lethargy fever. May act as asthma trigger may transmit humidifier fever influenza, common cold, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. 

It is now recognized that opiates reduce resistance to a variety of infectious agents in both humans and animals. These effects are summarized in Table 30.3 and Table 30.4 and discussed below. For example, pulmonary infections caused by mycobacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, Hemophilus and other common organisms are frequent among opium abusers.23 24 Other infectious diseases caused by microbial pathogens in... 

Immune Globulin (IG) IG is a sterile solution containing antibodies from human blood. It is obtained by cold ethanol fractionation of large pools of blood plasma and contains 15-18 percent protein. Intended for intramuscular administration, IG is primarily indicated for routine maintenance of immunity of certain immunodeficient persons and for passive immunity against measles and hepatitis. IG does not transmit hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or other infectious diseases. 

Other infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, typhoid fever, and erysipelas, may cause delirium, often associated with high fever. The temperature rise (fever) itself alters brain metabolism by affecting different enzyme systems differently. In addition toxic substances produced by infective agents may directly affect metabolic processes. 

Opiate abuse and dependence can exact a tremendous social toll. Abusers have difficulty holding jobs, are often divorced, and sometimes resort to crime to obtain either the drug or the money to buy it. Opiate abuse also has severe health consequences. Sharing needles is a common source of transmitting HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases. In addition, opiate abusers are prone to accidents and are often victims of crime. 

Kanamycin is unapproved in the USA for use in food animals but in many other countries it is used for the treatment of cattle with respiratory tract diseases, mastitis, and other infectious diseases. 

Phenoxymethylpenicillin is used for bronchitis, pneumonia, angina, scarlet fever, gonorrhea, syphilis, pimilent skin and soft-tissne wounds, and other infectious diseases. Synonyms of this dmg are bermycin, isocillin, cristapen, fenospen, uticillin, and others. 

This drug is effective for infections caused by streptococci, gonococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, and also colon bacillus. Sulfacytine is used for pneumonia, cerebral meningitis, staphylococcal and streptococcal sepsis, and other infectious diseases. A synonym of this drug is renoquid. 

This drug is used for pneumococcal, staphylococcal, and streptococcal infections as well as for sepsis, gonorrhea, and other infectious diseases. Synonyms of this drug are sulfadi-amezin and sulfadimidin. 

Such is not necessarily the case in other parts of the world, however. Pesticides, DDT in particular, are among the most effective agents known for the prevention of malaria. Some nations have accepted the environmental risks posed hy DDT and other TOCs as a reasonable trade-off for the protection they offer against malaria and other infectious diseases. At the beginning of the 21st century, then, DDT and other toxic pesticides were still being used in the public health programs of a number of countries around the world. 

Perkus, M. et al. (1995). Poxvirus-based vaccine candidates for cancer, AIDS and other infectious diseases. J. Leukocyte Biol. 58, 1-10. 

Common cold, influenza, recovery period of influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic rhinitis, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses, diabetes, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation and hemorrhoids, skin diseases that are characterized by dryness of the skin lesions, such as disorders of keratinization and senile pruritus. 

Elevated suPAR levels in blood from patients with other infectious diseases have been reported and their prognostic value assessed. Although interesting results have been obtained, more studies are needed to confirm these findings, but the present evidence suggests that the blood levels of suPAR could be a marker of severe inflammation and immune activation [43, 45, 97, 152-154]. 

What Other Infectious Disease Surveillance Systems Are in Use ... 

From an epidemiological standpoint, the general process of investigating a potential bioterror event and the objectives are the same as for any other infectious disease outbreak (Franz et al., 2001). Investigation of an outbreak involves a number of activities. These activities are adapted from a list developed by the CDC (1992) ... 

Recent findings indicate additional important roles for NO. For example, researchers in the United States and Tanzania have discovered that the presence of NO in the blood seems to aid in the body s battle against infectious diseases. These results indicate that patients with relatively high blood levels of NO are much more successful in fighting off malaria. However, the situation is complicated NO s dual personality may again be evident. The studies indicate that while NO may bolster the body s resistance to malaria, the release of excess NO in the brain in people with certain forms of malaria may in fact be responsible for major brain damage. The role of NO in malaria and other infectious diseases continues to be the focus of much current research. 

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