Ion microprobe mass analysis

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Proceedings of a Workshop on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Ion Microprobe Mass Analysis. Heinrich, K. F. J. and Newbury, D. E., eds.. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication, Washington, DC, 427 (1975). 

Ion microprobe mass analysis can be combined with scanning electron microscopy to localize beryllium within granulomas (Abraham 1980). Unfortunately, this technique suffers from two major drawbacks. First, it is not quantitative and may detect beryllium in nonoccupational lung specimens. Second, because the element is not distributed uniformly within granulomas, the thin sections required for this technique may not contain beryllium. The other technique that combines chemical analysis with tissue localization is electron energy... 

IPMA ion probe microanalysis (also known as ion microprobe mass analysis) IPPC-directive Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control directive... 

Laser microprobe mass analysis was used for the structural characterization of Af-oxide metabolites of metrenperone (sinomedol 5, R = Me), seganserine 6, and ramastine 9 (88M16). An assay of rimazolium 1 was developed by using an ion-selective electrode by direct titration with... 

These techniques fall into two categories those considered as routine (e.g. atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence) and a growing number of microanalytical surface techniques (e.g. laser microprobe mass analysis [LAMMA] and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe [SHRIMP]). Each analytical technique requires specific sample preparation prior to analysis, as summarised in Table 13.1. 

XRD, X-ray diffraction XRF, X-ray fluorescence AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry ICP-MS, Inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy IC, ion chromatography EPMA, electron probe microanalysis SEM, scanning electron microscope ESEM, environmental scanning electron microscope HRTEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy LAMMA, laser microprobe mass analysis XPS, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy RLMP, Raman laser microprobe analysis SHRIMP, sensitive high resolution ion microprobe. PIXE, proton-induced X-ray emission FTIR, Fourier transform infrared. 

LAMMA, or LAMMS, or LMMS (laser microprobe mass analysis or spectroscopy), is based on laser ablation. A high frequency laser beam scans the area of the sample in a minimum step size, time-of-flight mass spectra of each scan are evaluated with respect to several ion signals and transformed into two-dimensional distribution plots. 

Laser ionization The identification of unknown inclusions in a variety of matrices is very important in an industrial environment. One method used to analyze these unwanted small ( 1-50 pm diameter) inclusions is laser desorption/ionization mass analysis, also known as laser microprobe mass spectrometry and laser microprobe analysis. Trade names used are LIMA (laser ionization mass analyzer) and LAMMA (laser microprobe mass analysis). A variable-power laser is focused on to the inclusion. As discussed above, the desorption/ionization process is very sensitive to the power density of the laser at the sample surface. Firing the laser with an appropriate power setting generates ions containing information about the inclusion, which are then mass-analyzed using TOF-MS. 

Principles and Characteristics Laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LMMS, LAMMS), sometimes called laser probe microanalysis (LPA or LPMA) and often also referred to as laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA , Leybold Heraeus) [317] or laser ionisation mass analysis (LIMA , Cambridge Mass Spectrome-try/Kratos) [318], both being registered trademarks, is part of the wider laser ionisation mass spectrometry (LIMS) family. In the original laser microprobe analyser, emitted light was dispersed in a polychro-mator. Improved sensitivity may be obtained by secondary excitation of ablated species with an electric spark. In the mass spectrometric version of the laser microprobe, ions formed in the microplasma... 

The isotopic anomalies detected in the iron peak elements are extremely small (Figure 4), since the anomalous material is diluted with material with a terrestrial isotopic composition. This contamination results from the fact that the meteorite inclusion is taken into solution before chemically extracting the relevant element in a form suitable for conventional TIMS analysis. However, ion microprobe mass spectrometry can be used to analyse small meteoritic inclusions in situ without the need of chemical processing. This enables single inclusions to be analysed for a variety of elements, whilst maintaining the petrographic context of the sample. The carbonaceous chondrites Murchison and Murray also contain refractory inclusions such as corundum and hibonite, but they are invariably small and difficult... 

The defining attribute of laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LMMS) is the use of a focused laser to irradiate a 5- 10 pm spot of a solid sample at a power density above 10 W cm. The photon solid interaction yields ions which are mass analysed by time of-flight (TOF) or Fourier transform (FT) MS. The technique is sometimes referred to as laser probe microanalysis (LPA or LPMA), laser ionization mass analysis (LIMA) and laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). 

Feigl, P Schueler, B. Hillenkamp, E Lamma-1000, a new instrument for bulk microprobe mass analysis by pulsed laser irradiation. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1983, 47, 15-18. 

J. A. McHugh and J. F. Stevens, Elemental analysis of single micrometer-size airborne particulates by ion microprobe mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 44, 2187-2192 (1972). 

R. W. Odom and B. Schueler. Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry Ion and Neutral Analysis, in Lasers and Mass Spectrometry (D. M. Lubman, ed.) Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990. Presents a useful discussion of LIMS instrumental issues, including the post-ablation ionization technique. Several anal)n ical applications are presented. 

Neutron Activation Analysis X-Ray Fluorescence Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Particle-Induced Nuclear Reaction Analysis Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry Spark Source Mass Spectrometry Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry Electron Microprobe Analysis Laser Microprobe Analysis Secondary Ion Mass Analysis Micro-PIXE... 

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