Titanium dioxide nanoparticles

FIGURE 3.4 First and second chemiluminescence peak curves versus time of metallocene polyethylene films free, stabilized with Irganox 1010 (0.05% w/w), and pigmented with micron- and nanoparticle titanium dioxide (0.5%), determined at 170°C under oxygen. 

Nanoparticles of the semicondnctor titanium dioxide have also been spread as mono-layers [164]. Nanoparticles of TiOi were formed by the arrested hydrolysis of titanium iso-propoxide. A very small amount of water was mixed with a chloroform/isopropanol solution of titanium isopropoxide with the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and a catalyst. The particles produced were 1.8-2.2 nm in diameter. The stabilized particles were spread as monolayers. Successive cycles of II-A isotherms exhibited smaller areas for the initial pressnre rise, attributed to dissolution of excess surfactant into the subphase. And BAM observation showed the solid state of the films at 50 mN m was featureless and bright collapse then appeared as a series of stripes across the image. The area per particle determined from the isotherms decreased when sols were subjected to a heat treatment prior to spreading. This effect was believed to arise from a modification to the particle surface that made surfactant adsorption less favorable. 

Hyun BR, Zhong YW, Bartmk AC, Sun L, Abruna AD, Wise PW, Goodreau JD, Matthews JR, Leshe TM, BorreUi NP (2008) Electron injection from colloidal PbS quantum dots into titanium dioxide nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2 2206-2212... 

Awazu, K., Fujimaki, M., Rockstuhl, C., Tominaga, J., Murakami, H., Ohki, Y., Yoshida, N., and Watanabe, T. (2008) A plasmonic photocatalyst consisting of silver nanoparticles embedded in titanium dioxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130 (5), 1676-1680. 

Apart from polymers and indicators, the beads can contain a variety of other components that improve their properties or provide additional functionalities. For example, addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles significantly increases the brightness of the beads due to light scattering [5]. The plasmonic enhancement... 

In this study, nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiCh) have been successfully synthesized by. reduction method. These nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). XRD revealed the presence of pure TiCL NPs. XRD studies suggested that the titanium dioxide, TiCL exists in anatase form. The nanostructured character of the produced titania powders was characterised by Scherer method and TEM examinations. The TEM images indicate that the crystalline size of titanium dioxide precipitates varies from 1.81 nm to 13.15 nm This shows that nanoparticles obtained from reduction method are in more nanorange as compared to those obtained for precipitation method. 

Lovern SB, Klaper R (2006) Daphnia magna mortality when exposed to titanium dioxide and fullerene (C60) nanoparticles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 25 1132-1137. 

Lovern SB, Strickler JR, Klaper R (2007) Behavioral and physiological changes in Daphnia magna when exposed to nanoparticle suspensions (titanium dioxide, nano-C60, and C60Hx C70Hx). Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 4465 1470. 

Federici G, Shaw BJ, Handy RD (2007) Toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Gill injury, oxidative stress, and other physiological effects. Aquat Toxicol 84 415 30... 

Ramsden CS, Smith TJ, Shaw BJ, Handy RD (2009) Dietary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss) no effect on growth, but subtle biochemical disturbances in the brain. Ecotoxicology 18 939-951... 

Long TC, Saleh N, Tilton RD, Lowry GV, Veronesi B (2006) Titanium dioxide (P25) produces reactive oxygen species in immortalized brain microglia (BV2) implications for nanoparticle neurotoxicity. Environ Sci Technol 40 4346-4352... 

Chen TH, Lin CY, Tseng MC (2011) Behavioral effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mar Pollut Bull 63 303-308... 

Jovanovic B, Ji TM, Palic D (2011) Gene expression of zebrafish embryos exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and hydroxylated fullerenes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 74 1518-1525... 

Manufacturers have already begun to take advantage of some of these nanoparticle properties. Sunscreens, which protect users from burns by absorbing or deflecting harmful rays, are often made from chemicals such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide that are particularly effective. These sunscreens often leave a whitish residue—which used to be common on the nose of a pool or beach lifeguard—but when companies embedded nanoparticles of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide instead of bulkier particles, the creams become transparent yet maintained or even increased their effectiveness. With no embarrassing residue, these sunscreens have become popular. 

Abstract A colloidal solution of titanium dioxide (TiO ) nanoparticles was prepared by the solvothermal method and dip-coated onto a polypropylene fabric with TMOS binder. The prepared TiO particles, colloidal solution and the coated fabrics were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM. The results showed that the TiO particles prepared by the solvothermal method were composed of anatase which uniformly coated the snbstrate. Photocatalysis induced bactericidal properties of coated fabrics were tested by measuring the viability of Escherichia coli. It was fonnd that solvothermally prepared TiO coatings have the ability to kill E. coli. This nniqne property of TiO makes it an ideal candidate in producing self-sterilizing protective masks and in providing bactericidal and self-cleaning properties to a variety of snrfaces. 

Jezequel, H. and Chu, K. (2006) Removal of arsenate from aqueous solution by adsorption onto titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental... 

Y. Mori, Y. Okastu, Y. Tsujimoto, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles produced in water-in-oil emulsion, J. Nanoparticle Res. 3 (2-3) (2001) 219-225. 

Keywords metal nanoparticles, nanomaterials, photoelectrochemistry, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, semiconductor, titanium dioxide. 

Keywords Nanoparticles, structure, EPR, doping metal ions, Titanium dioxide, photoelectrochemistry... 

Transition metal nanoparticles supported on different substrates are used as catalysts for different reactions, such as hydrogenations and enantioselective-synthesis of organic compounds, oxidations and epoxidations, reduction, and decomposition [24,25], Among the supports that have been applied in the preparation of supported transition metal nanoparticles are active carbon, silica, titanium dioxide, and alumina. 

Among the supports that have been used in the preparation of supported transition metal nanoparticles are carbon, silica, alumina, titanium dioxide, and polymeric supports [57], and the most frequently used support is alumina [56], These supports normally produce an effect on the catalytic activity of the metallic nanoparticles supported on the amorphous material [60], In Chapter 3, different methods for the preparation of metallic catalysts supported on amorphous solids were described [61-71],... 

YangP,Lu C, HuaN, Du Y. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles co-doped with Fe3+ and Eu3+ ions for photocatalysis. Mater Lett 2002 57 794-801. 

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