Inhibition of viral replication

In conclusion, IFNs have proven to be invaluable tools in the fight against chronic viral hepatitis. In these indications, their antiviral properties play a major role and it remains unclear whether their immunomodulatory properties are also important. Disappointing results obtained with purely immunomodulatory molecules, such as interleukins or Toll-like receptor agonists suggest that, if immunomodulation plays any role, potent inhibition of viral replication is also needed. The role of IFNs in the treatment of viral infections other than hepatitis B and C remains elusive. 

Yamamoto M, Hayashi N, Takehara T, Ueda K, Mita E, Tatsumi T, Sasaki Y, Kasahara A, Hori M (1999) Intracellular single-chain antibody against hepatitis B virus core protein inhibits the replication of hepatitis B virus in cultured cells. Hepatology 30 300-307 Yang 00, Tran AC, Kalams SA, Johnson RP, Roberts MR, Walker BD (1997) Lysis of HIV-1-infected cells and inhibition of viral replication by universal receptor T cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 11478-11483... 

M. G., Westbrook, L. S., Shannon, W. M., and Kende, M., Development of injectable, controlled-release poly(I.C) microcapsules for the inhibition of viral replication, Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater.. 14. 275, 1987. 

Karapiah, G. et al., Inhibition of viral replication by interferon gamma induced nitric oxide synthase, Science, 261, 1445, 1993. 

The principal biological actions of type I IFNs include inhibition of viral replication, inhibition of cell proliferation, increase in the lytic potential of NK cells and the modulation of MHC molecule expression. They increase the expression of MHC class I molecules and decrease the expression of MHC class II molecules. 

The obtained results have shown that the trisubstituted (3-lactams a-e of Fig. 50 exhibited some antiviral activity, slightly higher than that reported for the prototype 2-azetidinone la of Fig. 49. No appreciable influence of the absolute configuration, either at the C4 or at the 1-phenylethyl substituent, on the inhibition of viral replication, was observed. The presence of an aromatic group at the 1-acyl... 

In contrast to antibacterial antibiotic therapy, inhibition of viral replication is usually difficult to achieve. Therefore preventive strategies, such as vaccination, are frequendy more successful and clinically important. However, vaccines are not available for all viruses furthermore, some viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), are ubiquitously present and usually not very pathogenic unless in an immunocompromised host. One strategy to combat viral infecdons in the immunocompromised host is the application of neutralizing mAbs. One such mAh is directed to the F protein of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which afflicts premature newborns with often severe pulmonary infections this mAh appears to be useful in such situations (91). Other mAbs to viral antigens are in development. 

Interferon-stimulated genes modulate many biological effects including inhibition of viral replication in infected cells, inhibition of cellular proliferation and immunomodulation... 

Giron DJ. Inhibition of viral replication in cell cultures treated 82. with prostaglandins Ei. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1982 170 25-28. 

Conceptually, there are three primary methods of therapeutic intervention against HIV inhibition of viral replication, vaccination to stimulate a more effective immune response, and restoration of the immune system with immunomodulators. Several approaches for an... 

Peginterferon is an immunomodulafor that binds to specific receptors on the cell surface and initiates a complex sequence of intracellular events (e.g., inhibition of viral replication and inhibition of cell proliferation). It is indicated in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with compensated liver disease and not treated previously with interferon alfa. 

Additionally, it is recognized that HBV is not directly cytopathic, and immune mechanisms are important in both the persistence of, and recovery from, infection. Infection with HBV becomes chronic when a patient fails to clear the viremia within the first six months and the infected hepatocytes are not eradicated by cytotoxic T cells (141). Therefore, early treatment of chronic hepatitis B has been attempted as follows (a) modulation of immune response (by suppression or stimulation), (b) inhibition of viral replication, (c) liver transplant with or without... 

The triphosphates of 2 -5 -oligoadenylate trimers are implicated in at least one of the mechanisms of the antiviral action of interferon and bind to and activate a RNaseL resulting in the cleavage of viral mRNA and the inhibition of viral replication. In order to study the cellular function of oligoadenylate, the ... 

Karapiah, G., Xie, Q., Bullet, R. M. L., Nathan, C., Duarte, C., and MacMicking, J. D. (1993). Inhibition of viral replication by interferon gamma induced nitric oxide synthase. Science 261, 1445-1448. 

In general, agents capable of inhibiting one RNA virus will inhibit other RNA viruses but each DNA virus must be evaluated separately. The platinum polyamines were studied against RNA viruses. The behavior toward RNA viruses was varied with some showing little activity but the majority showing inhibition of viral replication at polymer concentrations below which tumoral inhibition is found (< 1 (tg/ml). 

Inhibition of viral replication in HeLa cells 4, 5-dihydroxy-3,3, 7-trimethoxvflavone 10" H 38... 

Lead compound 8 exhibited inhibition of viral replication in cell culture comparable with zanamivir 5 and oseltamivir carboxylate 6. Interestingly, 8 was found to be effective in mice and ferrets when administered by oral gavage [161]. 

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