Inherently design concept

Human factors are an extremely important part of inherently safer concepts. Processes should be designed to avoid error traps. Chapter 6 of this book presents a discussion of human factors as related to inherently safer design. 

The Role of Inherently Safer Design Concepts in Process Risk Management... 

During process hazards reviews (such as HAZOP), inherent safety concepts are also considered. Mistake proofing the design should receive attention and each safety critical device (last line of defense) and safety critical procedure should be examined to see if there is a way to eliminate the need for the device or procedure. 

Implementing an inherent safety review process is one mechanism companies can use to institutionalize inherent safety. The review process should integrate well with company systems for process safety management, new product development, and project execution. Safety, health, and environmental considerations in the new product or process development effort can be strengthened via the introduction of the inherent safety review. Companies may also build inherently safer design concepts into their existing process safety management system and process hazard reviews. 

Windhorst, J. C. A. (1995). Application of Inherently Safe Design Concepts, Fitness for Use and Risk Driven Design Process Safety Standards to an LPG Project."loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, ed. J. J. Mewis, H. J. Pasman, and E. E. De Rademacker, 543-54. Amsterdam Elsevier Science B. V. 

Minimize use of pressure relief valves by using inherently safer design concept... 

Inherent safety means the elimination of hazard by choice of material or design concept, for example the elimination in a plant of any combustible material (if possible) would demonstrate inherent safety from the danger of fire. 

The objective of KALIMER Program is to develop an economically competitive, inherently safe, environmentally friendly, and proliferation-resistant fast reactor concept. Efforts of the KALIMER Program will be concentrated on the establishment of an advanced design concept in order to contribute to the worldwide R D and commercialization of the LMR. 

It is the emphasis on accident prevention through inherent characteristics which permits both urban siting and remotely-monitored operation. They are not new concepts by themselves-both have been accepted for a number of years in Canada for the 20 kW SLOWPOKE-2 research reactors, on the basis of an inherent design ch2uacteristic because of the limited... 

Dunng four winters of NHR-5 heaung operation, the reactor has been known as a valuable tool for a number of e.xperiments on operation behaviors and safety features The operational and experimental results have successfully demonstrated the inherent and passive safety characteristics of NHR-5 It was pro en tiiat the design concept and technical measures of HR are suitable to meet the requirements for disinc heating in nortliem cities, congeneration and air condition in the middle aties of China, as well as the seawater desalination... 

The unique design concepts of PHWR systems offer certain intrinsic advantages with respect to safety, both during normal operations and accident conditions. Some of these inherent features are as follows ... 

Inherent SAFETY CHARACTERISTIC. Safety achieved by the elimination of a specified hazard by means of the choice of material and design concept. 

The philosophy behind the LSPR safety concept is maximum reliance on the inherent and passive safety features incorporated in the original design concept, and reliance of passive systems for decay heat removal. One of the important advantages of LBE cooled reactors is the possibility to reduce the number and complexity of engineered safety systems by effectively mitigating the impact of a reactor coolant leakage accident with a simple guard vessel. 

The simplicity and robustness of the MARS design under long-term operation is ensured by an appropriate selection of the structural materials and by the incorporation of certain inherent and passive safety features in the original design concept. 

The FUJI-233Um concept aims to prevent severe accidents and limit their consequences by strongly relying on inherent and passive safety features incorporated in the original design concept. 

Several inherent and passive systems have been adopted in Indian innovative AHWR and CHTR reactors. The analyses have been performed to prove design concepts of these systems. Experiments and further analyses of these systems are being carried out rigorously. Several major areas of R D have been identified and the required development activities have been initiated. 

Ceramics have low fracture toughness because dislocations are difficult to move in ceramics especially at room temperature. It is, therefore, hypothesized that a frontal process zone (FPZ) ahead of a crack tip is composed of many nano-cracks rather than dislocations as in metals. To overcome the inherent brittleness of ceramics, a new microstructural design concept must be developed. The design concept of nanocomposites is a new, and significantly improved strengths are achieved with moderate enhancement in fracture toughness. The typical microstructure of nanocomposites consists of second-phase nano-size particles dispersed within the matrix grains. Thermal expansion mismatch between the matrix and second-phase particles improves several mechanical properties of nanocomposites. 

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