Infrared spectroscopic analysis

The infrared spectrum, also known as molecule vibration and rotation spectrum, is used in fundamental research of molecular structure and analysis of chemical components, and the latter is the widest application of the infrared spectrum. The structure of an unknown sample can be deduced according to the position and shape of absorption peaks in the spectrum and contents of the components of the mixture can be detected by the strength of the characteristic peaks. Infrared spectrometry has become the most widely used analysis and test instrument because of its analytical characteristics of high efficiency, high sensitivity, lower sample quantity, and good sample applicability. 

Extraction studies have also been carried out by grinding the ageing cements and extracting the soluble ions with water (Wilson Kent, 1970 Crisp Wilson, 1974). Ion content was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The experiments give different, but complementary, results to those of Cook (1983), since what is extracted are those ions that have been released from the glass powder but not yet insolubilized by reaction with the polyacid. 

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Faguy PW, Marinkovic NS, Adzic RR. 1996. Infrared spectroscopic analysis of anions adsorbed fi om bisulfate-containing solutions on Pt(l 11) electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 407 209-218. 

Characterization. Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis - The infrared spectra of all the chemically modified polybutadienes were obtained using a P.E. 1330 Infrared Spectrophotometer. The samples were prepared by casting polymer films on NaCl plates. 

One example of a cocrystal containing BEDT-TTF and ferrocene has been reported [104]. The [(BEDT-TTF Cgob lferrocene) adduct was crystallized from a carbon disulfide solution. The unit cell has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction but the crystal structure was not reported. An infrared spectroscopic analysis indicates that the charge transfer between the BEDT-TTF and C6o molecules is quite small. It has been suggested that such complexes may offer a means to introduce iron into the fullerene lattice. 

An alternative strategy for catalyst immobilisation uses ion-pair interactions between ionic catalyst complexes and polymeric ion exchange resins. Since all the rhodium complexes in the catalytic methanol carbonylation cycle are anionic, this is an attractive candidate for ionic attachment. In 1981, Drago et al. described the effective immobilisation of the rhodium catalyst on polymeric supports based on methylated polyvinylpyridines [48]. The activity was reported to be equal to the homogeneous system at 120 °C with minimal leaching of the supported catalyst. The ionically bound complex [Rh(CO)2l2] was identified by infrared spectroscopic analysis of the impregnated resin. 

G.A. Birrer, J. Liu, J.M. Halas aud G.G. Nucera, Evaluation of a container closure iutegrity test model using visual inspection with confirmation by near infrared spectroscopic analysis, J. Pharm. Sci. Tech., 54, 373-382 (2000). 

Although it was difficult to detect structural characteristics other than those of PVC in a polybutadiene-PVC reaction product containing less than 5% polybutadiene, products containing 5-10% polybutadiene were shown to contain cis-1,4 unsaturation by infrared spectroscopic analysis. 

T. Turquois, S. Acquistapace, F. Arce Vera, and D. H. Welti, Composition of carrageenan blends inferred from 13C-NMR and infrared spectroscopic analysis, Carbohydr. Polym., 31 (1996) 269-278. 

Imaging studies were done on copolymers prepared by the polymer modification route because of the availability of the precursor polymers of various molecular weights. The protected copolymers were compounded with triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate (13% w/w) in cyclohexanone. One micron thick films were spin coated on NaCl plates, baked at 140°C for 5 minutes to expel solvent and then subjected to infrared spectroscopic analysis before and after exposure. Exposure to 18 mJ/cm2 at 254 nm caused no change in the infrared spectrum. However, when the films were baked at 140°C for 120 sec. following exposure, deprotection was quantitative based on loss of the characteristic carbonate C = O absorption and... 

The adsorption analysis can be performed using the experimental sensor effect data from gravimetric QCM measurements. The frequency shift, which is proportional to the partial pressure of the analyte, is correlated to the number of specific incorporation sites in the linear range of the isotherm slope. Additional evidence for specific interactions between the analyte and the polymer matrix can be demonstrated using infrared spectroscopic analysis [19]. NMR [4,7] can also provide information about imprinting effects. 

Results Summary for the Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Vanadyl-/ (2,4-pentanedione), VO(acac)2... 

A method of horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is considered more useful for infrared spectroscopic analysis of leather samples. By this method, the sample is simply put on the flat plate of ZnSe crystal or KRS-5 crystal of the HATR accessory. The Fourier transformation of the interferogram is converted by the computer into a plot of absorption against wave number that resembles the usual IR spectrum (William and Fleming, 1998). 

After the surface layer of the leather sample is peeled off, the sample can be observed under a microscope. The collagen fibres of leather differ in appearance from non-woven fabrics and from the uniform polymers of coating and lamination in the synthetic substitutes. However, some artificial leathers in the market do better than the real leather. It has been reported that some leather substitutes with super-microfibres of nylon, polyester and polypropylene can have similar views of cross-section under the microscope (Cheng, 1998). A combination of the bum test, the chemical test, the infrared spectroscopic analysis and/or the microscopic... 

Yoshida S. Miyazaki M, Sakai K, Takeshita M, Yuasa S, Sato A, et al. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of rat brain microsomal membranes modified by dietary fatty acids—Possible correlation with altered learning behavior. Biospectroscopy 1997 3 281-290. 

There are also more recent developments of other dual physio-chemical experimental methods. For example Durand et al (2006) presented a laboratory-made system that allows the coupling of dielectric analysis and Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) to follow the cure of polyepoxy reactive systems. Complementary data are provided by the simultaneous dielectric analysis (the vitrification phenomenon) and near-infrared spectroscopic analysis (the extent of the reaction). 

The first step in carrying out an infrared spectroscopic analysis is the preparation of the sample. The types of samples analyzed by infrared spectroscopy in crude oil chemistry are solid or liquid samples. 

Based on infrared spectroscopic analysis, it is clear that following SO3 exposure, substantially all of the... 

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