Infrared spectroscop

Beden B 1995 On the use of in situ UV-visible and infrared spectroscopic techniques for studying corrosion products and corrosion inhibitors Mater. Sc/. Forum 192-4 277... 

Allara D L and Nuzzo R G 1985 Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 2. Quantitative infrared spectroscopic determination of equilibrium structures of solution-adsorbed normal-alkanoic acids on an oxidized aluminum surface Langmuir 1 52-66... 

Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors. 

Lead Telluride. Lead teUuride [1314-91 -6] PbTe, forms white cubic crystals, mol wt 334.79, sp gr 8.16, and has a hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale. It is very slightly soluble in water, melts at 917°C, and is prepared by melting lead and tellurium together. Lead teUuride has semiconductive and photoconductive properties. It is used in pyrometry, in heat-sensing instmments such as bolometers and infrared spectroscopes (see Infrared technology AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY), and in thermoelectric elements to convert heat directly to electricity (33,34,83). Lead teUuride is also used in catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel ceUs (qv) (84), as cathodes in primary batteries with lithium anodes (85), in electrical contacts for vacuum switches (86), in lead-ion selective electrodes (87), in tunable lasers (qv) (88), and in thermistors (89). 

S. 11.2.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies S. 11.2.3 Infrared Spectroscopic Studies... 

Ultraviolet absorptions ofvinylogous lactams were found by MOLCAO calculations and compared with experimental values (663). Infrared spectroscopic studies of vinylogous amides (664) and some fifty vinylogous urethanes (665) allowed configurational and structural assignments. The effect of enamine-imine equilibrium in a series of benzophenone derivatives was established (666) and the effect of structure on enamine basicity studied (667). 

The chloride can be crystallized but the bromide disproportionates. On the basis of mol wt and infrared spectroscopic evidence the proposed structure is ... 

Ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopic investigations and also chemical behavior show unambiguously that the compounds which result from the last-rnentioned type of nucleophilic reagent and cotarnine possess the cyclic form. " Examples of these are cotar-nine anil (20a), cotarnine oxime (20b), cotarnine phenylhydra-zone (20c), anhydrocotarnine carbamide (20d), hydrocotarnyl-acetic acid (20e), anhydrocotarnine acetone (20f), and also the compound (21) obtained from two molecules of cotarnine and one molecule of acetone by the elimination of two molecules of water. The cyclic form had ben demonstrated earlier for anhydrocotarnine-nitromethane (20g) and anhydrocotarnine-acetophenone (20h). ... 

Amino-pyrazines and -pyridazines have been shown to exist predominantly in the amino form by infrared spectroscopic studies (cf. Table VI). Ultraviolet spectral data have been interpreted to indicate that 4-aminocinnoline exists predominantly in the imino form 256, but this conclusion, which was based on comparison of its spectrum with those of cinnolin-4-one and 4-ethoxycinnoline, is probably incorrect. Ultraviolet spectroscopic data strongly support the predominance of amino structures for 2-aminopyrazine (257) and 2-aminoquin-oxaline how ever, the former compound was at first erroneously concluded to exist in the imino form from ultraviolet spectral evidence. Isolation of two isomers of 2-amino-8-dimethylamino-3-methylphenazine, assigned the amino and imino structures 258 and 259, respectively, has been claimed, but it is very unlikely that these assignments are correct. 

Poti and Ruff have also reported recently that infrared spectroscopic studies indicate that the magnesium function in indole magnesium iodide is associated with the nitrogen atom of the indole nucleus and not the carbon atom in the 3-position. 

The predominance of the thione forms of imidazole-2-thiones and benzimidazole-2-thiones has been established using ultraviolet spectroscopy, and for the former compounds this conclusion is supported by infrared spectroscopic data. ... 

Sheinkcr and his co-workers have used ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopic data to show that the imino form of benzenesul-fonamido derivatives of thiazoles and l-thia-3,4-diazoIes is preferred to the amino form by a large factor. In view of this work, the formulation of 2-aryIsulfonamidooxazoles in the amino form on the basis of chemical evidence must be regarded with caution. 

Changes in relative peak intensity and marginal line shifts have been observed for benzene adsorbed on porous glass (26). More significantly, infrared spectroscopic evidence had been found in the appearance of inactive fundamentals for the lowering of molecular symmetry of benzene on adsorption on zeolites (47). 

Met. = Method. C = chronocoulometry, CC = corrosion current method, EC = Electrocapillary method, EL = Ellipsometric method, IR = Infrared spectroscopic method, CV = cychc voltammetry, RT = Radiotracer method, T = Tensammetry, TF = Thin film resistance, WL = weight loss method. When a combination of methods was used aU methods are listed separated by slashes. See also list of symbols. 

It is only since 1980 that in situ spectroscopic techniques have been developed to obtain identification of the adsorbed intermediates and hence of reliable reaction mechanisms. These new infrared spectroscopic in situ techniques, such as electrochemically modulated infrared reflectance spectroscopy (EMIRS), which uses a dispersive spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy, or a subtractively normalized interfacial Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS), have provided definitive proof for the presence of strongly adsorbed species (mainly adsorbed carbon monoxide) acting as catalytic poisons. " " Even though this chapter is not devoted to the description of in situ infrared techniques, it is useful to briefly note the advantages and limitations of such spectroscopic methods. 

Crisp, S., O Neill, I. K., Prosser, H. J., Stuart, B. Wilson, A. D. (1978). Infrared spectroscopic studies on the development of crystallinity in dental zinc phosphate cements. Journal of Dental Research, 57, 245-54. 

Nicholson, J. W., Brookman, P. J., Lacy, O. M. Wilson, A. D. (1988b). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the role of tartaric acid in glass-ionomer cements. Journal of Dental Research, 67, 145CM. 

Table 5.14. Infrared spectroscopic bands of reference carboxylates Nicholson et al., 1988b)...

A number of infrared spectroscopic studies have been made which have thrown light on the cement-forming reaction (Copeland et al., 1955 Gemer et al., 1966 Wilson Mesley, 1972). Wilson Mesley (1972) used ATR spectroscopy to follow the course of the reaction and showed that major spectral changes were almost entirely associated with loss of the... 

Kariis, H., Westermark, G., Persson, I. and Liedberg, B. (1998) Infrared Spectroscopic and Temperature-Programmed Desorption Studies of Dimethylphenylphosphine Adsorbed on the Coinage Metals. Langmuir, 14, 2736-2743. 

Kunimatsu K. 1986. Infrared spectroscopic study of methanol and formic acid adsorbates on a platinum electrode Part I. Comparison of the infrared absorption intensities of hnear CO(a) derived from CO, CH3OH and HCOOH. J Electroanal Chem 213 149 157. 

Faguy PW, Marinkovic NS, Adzic RR. 1996. Infrared spectroscopic analysis of anions adsorbed fi om bisulfate-containing solutions on Pt(l 11) electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 407 209-218. 

Corrigan DS, Krauskopf EK, RiceLM, Wieckowski A, Weaver MJ. 1988. Adsorption of acetic acid at platinum and gold electrodes— A combined infrared spectroscopic and radiotracer study. J Phys Chem 92 1596-1601. 

Maillard F, Savinova FR, Simonov PA, Zaikovskii VI, Stimnting U. 2004b. Infrared spectroscopic study of CO adsorption and electro-oxidation on carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles Interparticle versus intiaparticle heterogeneity. J Phys Chem B 108 17893-17904. 

Beden B, Hahn F, Juanto S, Lamy C, Leger JM. 1987a. Infrared spectroscopic study of the methanol adsorbates at a platinum electrode Part I. Influence of the bulk concentration of methanol upon the nature of the adsorbates. J Electroanal Chem 225 215-225. 

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