Inducible cyclooxygenase

Clara cell protein (CC10, phospholipase A2inhibitor) Inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2)... 

Hong CH, Sun KH, Jin O, Sun SK, Kyung AN, Sang KL. Evaluation of natural products on inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cultured mouse macrophage cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2002 83 153-159. 

Alcantara C, Stenson WF, Steiner TS, Guerrant RL Role of inducible cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced secretion and inflammation in an animal model. J Infect Dis 2001 184 648-652. 

A platelet-activating-factor-stimulated signal-transduction pathway is a major component of the kainic-acid-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in hippocampus 584... 

Yamagata, K., Andreasson, K. I., Kaufmann, W. E., Barnes, C. A. and Worley, P. F. Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurons regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoids. Neuron 11 371-386,1993. 

Park, J.W. et al., Involvement of ERK and protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathways in EGCG-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Raw 264.7 cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 286, 721, 2001. 

Moon, Y. and Pestka J.J. Vomitoxin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in macrophages mediated by activation of ERK and p38 but not JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases. Toxicol. Sci. 69, 373, 2002. 

Weaver, S.A., Russo, M.P., Wright, K.L., Kolios, G., fobin, C., Robertson, D.A. and Ward, S.G. (2001) Regulatory role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase on TNF-alpha-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in colonic epithelial cells. Gastroenterology, 120, 1117-1127. 

Kiritoshi S, Nishikawa T, Sonoda K, Kukidome D, Senokuchi T, Matsuo T, Matsumura T, Tokunaga H, Brownlee M, Araki E (2003) Reactive oxygen species from mitochondria induce cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in human mesangial cells potential role in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 52 2570-2577. 

Hwang D, Fischer NH, Jang BC, Tak H, Kim JK, Lee W. (1996). Inhibition of the expression of inducible cyclooxygenase and proinflammatory cytokines by sesquiterpene lactones in macrophages correlates with the inhibition of MAP kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Common. 226(3) 810-18. 

Liang, Y.C. et ah. Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y by flavonoids in mouse macrophages, FEBS Lett., 496, 12, 2001. 

Two inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric acid oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) have critical roles in the response of tissues to injury or infectious agents. These inducible enzymes are... 

Tang HY, Shih A, Cao HJ, Davis FB, Davis PJ, Lin HY. 2006. Resveratrol-induced cyclooxygenase-2 facilitates p53-dependent apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 5 2034-2042. 

Fernandez-Martinez AB, Collado B, Bajo AM, Sanchez-Chapado M, Prieto JC, Carmena MJ. 2007. Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression through nuclear factor-kappaB in human prostate cell lines Differential time-dependent responses in cancer progression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 270 8-16. 

Alvarez S., Serramia M. J., Fresno M., and Munoz-Femandez M. A. (2005). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein 120 induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in neuroblastoma cells through a nuclear factor-/cB and activating protein-1 mediated mechanism. J. Neurochem. 94 850-861. 

Leblanc Y, Roy P, Boyce S et al. (1999) SAR in the alkoxy lactone series the discovery of DFP, a potent and orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 9 2207-2212 Lee SH, Soyoola E, Chanmugam P et al. (1992) Selective expression of mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 267 25934-25938... 

Kl. Kage, K., Fujita, N., Oh-hara, T., Ogata, E., Fujita, T., and Tsuruo, T., Basic fibroblast growth factor induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endothelial cells derived from bone. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254, 259-263 (1999). 

A major signalling pathway involves activation of a protein kinase that phosphorylates inhibitor kB proteins (IkBs) that normally inhibit the function of the nuclear transcription factor NFkB. Phosphorylation of IkB by the serine/threonine-specific IkB kinases (IKKs) leads to NFkB de-inhibition, nuclear translocation and expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as inducible cyclooxygenase (iCOX) (which generates prostaglandins), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (which generates vasodilatory and toxic free radicalgenerating NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. 

Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leucotrienes are eicosanoids deriving from oxidation of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid (deriving from PLA2 action on phospholipids) is cyclized by constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX-1) or inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) to yield... 

Inoue W, Poole S, Bristow AF, Luheshi GN (2006) Leptin induces cyclooxygenase-2 via an interaction with interleukin-ip in the rat brain. Eur J Neurosci 24 2233-2245... 

Konsman JP, Vigues S, Mackerlova LM, Bristow A, Blomqvist A (2004) Rat brain vascular distribution of interleukin-1 type-1 receptor immunoreactivity relationship to patterns of inducible cyclooxygenase expression by peripheral inflammatory stimuli. J Comp Neurol 472 ... 

Liang, Y.C., Huang, Y.T., Tsai, S.H., Lin-Shiau, S.Y., Chen, C.F., and Lin, J.K., Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase by apigenin and related flavonoids in mouse macrophage. Carcinogenesis, 20 (10), 1999. 

Filipponi et al. [7] studied the differences in the active sites of the two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Two isoforms of COX exist a constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 and an inducible cyclooxygenase-2, and it is believed that COX-2 selective inhibitors provide anti-inflammatory agents with a superior safety profile [35]. 

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