Induced skin tumor Inducible cyclooxygenase

In humans, chronic inflammation of the liver is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, and this inflammation is considered an important contributing event in HBV-induced liver cancer. In animal models, there is evidence that inflammation contributes to tumor promotion. Treatment of mouse skin with TPA produces an inflammatory response and increases the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-a, IL-la GM-CSF, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Genetically modified mice deficient in TNFa or COX-2 are resistant to TPA-induced tumor promotion. These results indicate that the inflammatory effects of TPA are important in tumor promotion. 

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