Prostate cell lines

Characteristics of Prostate Cell Lines Used in Lycopene Studies.440... 

Oxidant and Antioxidant Effects of Lycopene in Prostate Cell Lines.443... 

In cell culture, lycopene is a highly oxidizable nonpolar hydrocarbon supplied in an aqueous medium and is incubated at body temperature for 12-72 h. The amount of intact lycopene or its oxidation products delivered to and absorbed by various cell types is an important factor to keep in mind when evaluating the effects of lycopene on various cellular processes. Before reviewing cell culture studies designed to characterize the effects of lycopene on prostate cell biology, the characteristics of prominent prostate cell lines, and the stability and uptake of lycopene by various prostate cell lines are reviewed. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATE CELL LINES USED IN LYCOPENE STUDIES... 

OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF LYCOPENE IN PROSTATE CELL LINES... 

Lycopene treatment appears to have other bioactivities that do not fall into the broad category of the modulation of cell proliferation or apoptosis. Only those that have been explored in prostate cell lines are discussed below. 

In summary, lycopene must have some specific effect on unknown cellular processes that control the modulation of multiple pathways. General properties, such as antioxidation or pro-oxidation, are unlikely to explain these effects. Since the activation, silencing or loss of pathway control is different for each cell type and its degree of transformation, we do not have enough information to predict whether lycopene may be beneficial or detrimental under different circumstances in various prostate cell lines and in the different stages of prostate cancer. 

Ivonov, NI, SP Cowell, P Brown, PS Rennie, ES Guns, and ME Cox. 2007. Lycopene differentially induces quiescence and apoptosis in adrogen-responsive and -independent prostate cell lines. Clin Nutr 26 252-263. 

Ornstein DK et al. Proteomic analysis of laser capture microdissected human prostate cancer and in vitro prostate cell lines. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2235-2242. 

Neoplastic transformation of fibroblastic cells has been reported with Chinese hamster lung cells, rat embryo cells, BHK cells, mouse 3T3 cell lines, a mouse ventral prostate cell line, and the mouse C3H/10T1/2 cell line (Heidelberger et al, 1983 Barrett and Ts o, 1978). The Syrian hamster embryo cells and the various mouse cell lines have been employed most often in studies employing fibroblastic cells. Neoplastic and preneoplastic transformation of normal human fibroblasts has also been reported in recent years (DeMars and Jackson, 1977, Freedman and Shin, 1977 Kakunagti, 1978 Milo and DiPaolo, 1978 Namba et al, 1978 Borek, 1980 McCormick et al, 1980 Sutherland et al, 1980 SilinskasetoiL, 1981). 

Fernandez-Martinez AB, Collado B, Bajo AM, Sanchez-Chapado M, Prieto JC, Carmena MJ. 2007. Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression through nuclear factor-kappaB in human prostate cell lines Differential time-dependent responses in cancer progression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 270 8-16. 

Opioid receptors are present in human T-cell lymphocytes (Wybran et al., 1979), which may provide a link between the central nervous system and the immune system. There is a considerable body of literature, which demonstrates a modulatory function of the immune system by opioids. Opioids alter the biochemical and proliferative properties of various cellular components of the immune system (Webster, 1998). (3-Casomorphins affect the human mucosal immune system, possibly via the opiate receptor, since the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone, reverses the activity (Elitsur et al., 1991). P-Casomorphins and a-casein exorphins inhibit the cell proliferation of human prostate cell lines by a mechanism partly involving opioid receptors (Kampa et al., 1997). 

The use of proteomics in prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, was reviewed [94]. In vitro studies on prostate cell lines provided positive proof-of-principle results in the identification of novel biomarker when proteomics was utilized to query prostate tissue specimens. 2D-PAGE followed by MS was used to investigate protein profiles in voided urine after prostatic massage in patients with prostate cancer or with benign prostatic hyperplasia [95]. In this study, a potential novel cancer biomarker, calgranulin B/MRP-14, was identified. In another study, agarose 2D-gel... 

Since sunlight seems to play an important role in preventing the development of prostate cancer (H4), it leads to the investigation of vitamin D and its metabolites as anticancer agents in prostatic cell cultures and the Dunning rat model. Treatment of prostatic cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP in vitro and in the Dunning rat model with the 1,25-D metabolite causes a decrease in proliferation of tumor cells (F7, G9,... 

D13. De Vos, S., Holden, S., Heber, D., Elstner, E., Binderup, L., et al., Effects of potent vitamin D3 analogs on clonal proliferation of human prostate cells lines. Prostate 31, 77—83 (1997). 

J2. Jones, H. E., Eaton, C., Barrow, D., Dutkowski, C., and Griffiths, K., Response of cell growth and retinoic acid receptor expression to retinoic acid in neoplastic and non-neoplastic prostate cell lines. Prostate 30, 174-182 (1997). 

Savarese, D. M., Valinsky, H., Quesenberry, P., and Savarese, T., Expression and function of colony-stimulating factors and their receptors in human prostate cell lines. Prostate 34, 80-91... 

Schuurmans, A. L., Bolt, J., and Mulder, E., Androgen receptor-mediated growth and epidermal growth factor receptor induction in the human prostate cell line LNCaP. Urol. Int. 44, 71-76 (1989). 

Furuya, Y., Akimoto, S., Yasuda, K. and Ito, H., Apoptosis of androgen-independent prostate cell line induced by inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. Anticancer Res 17 (1997) 4589-4593. 

Rocchi P, Jugpal P, So A, Sinneman S, Ettinger S, Fazli L, et al. Small interference RNA targeting heat-shock protein 27 inhibits the growth of prostatic cell lines and induces apoptosis via caspase-3 activation in vitro. BJU Int 2006 98 1082-1089. 

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