INDEX mortality from

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m, where BMI is calculated as weight in kilogram divided by the square of height in metre. Table 7.1 shows the WHO classification in full. BMI is a simple index of obesity and correlates well with total adiposity, morbidity and mortality from many diseases. ... 

In a recent meta-analysis study on European men and women (25), high plasma concentrations of a- and /3-carotene were associated both with lower mortality from all causes and cancer, For cardiovascular mortality the inverse association was confined to the elderly with body mass index <25. 

Class Index C26 from non-bloody diarrhea to stools that Ingestion days Mortality Rate —... 

The healthy value of the MeD has from one side been attributed to its cardio-protective effects. The number of publications on this topic was large enough to allow a meta-analysis published by Sofi et al. in 2008. The studies included prospectively analyzed the association between adherence to MeD, mortality and incidence of diseases 12 studies, with a total of 1,574,299 subjects followed for a time ranging from three to 18 years were included. Data evaluating cardiovascular mortality in relation to MeD using dietary scores came from four studies including a total of 404,491 subjects and 3876 fatal events. Results supported the association of a two-point increase in the score indexes was associated with 9% reduction in mortality from CVDs. 

Fidanza F, Alberti A, Lanti M, Menotti A. Mediterranean Adequacy Index correlation with 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease in the Seven Countries Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004 14(5) 254—258. 

The compound is designated as positive (dysmorphogenic) or negative according to a calculated teratogenic index (TI>1.2 or TI < 1.0, respectively) determined from mortality and number of malformed larvae (see Note 1). 

Index functional status 30 d after stroke. The results showed that only the severity of neurological deficit predicted greater 30-d mortality in these patients. Patients with hyperthermia on the first day of hospitalization had increased mortality and worse functional status at 30 d, but increased temperature was not an independent predictor of mortality 30 d after PICH. In a study to assess typical early onset complications following ischemic stroke, Weimar et al. (5) looked at a cohort of 3866 patients from 14 neurology departments with an acute stroke unit. In the first week following admission, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and recurrent cerebral ischemia were the most frequent complications, along with fever, severe hypertension, and pneumonia. Similar concerns are also found in cardiac surgery patients in whom perioperative stroke occurred (6). 

In a rabbit study, hydroquinone at 150 mg kg day produced minimal developmental alterations in the presence of maternal toxicity. The no-observed-effect level for developmental toxicity was 75mgkg day In rat studies, maternal toxic effects from exposure to hydroquinone included changes in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and menstrual cycle. Postimplantation mortality was also observed in rat studies. Observed paternal toxic effects from exposure to hydroquinone included changes in the testes, epididymis, sperm duct, prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper s gland, accessory glands, and male fertility index. Further, exposure to hydroquinone produced skeletal malformations in chickens and ocular and skeletal malformations in rabbits. Hydroquinone can induce renal tubule adenomas, bladder carcinomas, hepatocellular neoplasms, and mononuclear cell leukemia in experimental animals. 

Phosgene is said to be probably the most poisonous gas used in industry [1768] and an attempt has been made [1327] to derive a "mortality index" for phosgene based upon an analysis of data from explosions, releases of flammable gases, and from toxic releases of... 

Mortality data are frequently used in cohort studies as opposed to incidence data because of the relative ease of obtaining information on deaths. In particular, the advent of the National Death Index has made mortality data more readily available. While all states maintain registries of incident cancer cases, many of the registries are relatively new and data quality can vary from state to state. Investigators conducting follow-up studies are required to comply with each state s requirements for use of the data. For cancers such as pancreatic cancer where survival is poor, mortality data is an excellent surrogate for the risk of the disease. For other cancers where the survival is much better, such as testicular cancer, mortality is a poor estimator of incidence. Table 15.5 describes the 5-year survival for several selected cancer sites for the period 1996-2004. As evident from the table, there is a considerable difference in survival rates for cancer of different sites. The 5-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer was only 5.1% compared to a survival rate of 98.9% for prostate cancer (SEER 2008). 

Agent Index A317 Class Index C24 Melioidosis Pseudomonas pseudomalle Type Bacteria Presents a range of manifestations from asymptomatic involvement of the lungs to necrotizing pneumonia and/or fatal blood poisoning. May simulate typhoid fever or tuberculosis. Routes Incubation 2 days to Inhalation years Ingestion Mortality Rate — Abraded Skin Reservoir Soils, Water, Rodents, Secondary Hazards Farm animals Body Fluids Direct Person-to-Person Transmission does not occur. 

Agent Index A325 Class Index C25 Powassan Encephalitis Type Virus Range from mild fever and headache to high fever, headache, stupor, tremors, and coma. Initial phase does not appear to involve the central nervous system however, 4 to 10 days after apparent recovery, there is a return of fever with encephalitis. Routes Ingestion Vector (Ticks) Secondary Hazards Vector Cycle Fomites containing ticks Incubation 7 to 14 days Mortality Rate < 10% Reservoir Ticks, Rodents, Birds Direct Person-to-Person Transmission does not occur. 

Agent Index A328 Class Index C25 Relapsing Fever Borrelia recurrentis Type Bacteria Periods of fever (lasting 2 to 9 days) followed by periods without fever (lasting 2 to 4 days). The number of cycles varies from 1 to 10. Routes Vector (Lice, Ticks) Secondary Hazards Vector Cycle (Lice) Fomites containing vectors Incubation 5 to 15 days Mortality Rate < 10% Reservoir Humans, Ticks Direct Person-to-Person Transmission does not occur. 

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