Teratogenicity index

Fabro, S., Shull, G. and Brown, N.A. (1982). The relative teratogenic index and teratogenic potency Proposed components of developmental toxicity risk assessment. Teratog. Carci-... 

The compound is designated as positive (dysmorphogenic) or negative according to a calculated teratogenic index (TI>1.2 or TI < 1.0, respectively) determined from mortality and number of malformed larvae (see Note 1). 

For candidates with a dysmorphogenic potential in FETAX, a teratogenic index (TI) was calculated where possible (Table 2). The reported mortality includes deaths during the larval period for FETAX and during the embryonic or fetal period (resorptions) for the rodent and rabbit. 

Systemically administered retinoids such as isotretinoin (1, Accutane ) have several disadvantages such as a relatively narrow therapeutic index and a variety of toxic effects including teratogenicity. Topically administered retinoids may avoid some of those drawbacks. For instance, tazarotene (2, Tazorac ) is a topical receptor-selective retenoid that normalizes differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes. Its major metabolite, tazarotenic acid (11), binds to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) with high affinity. 

G. Klopman and M. I. Dimayuga, J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Design, 4, 117 (1990). Computer Automated Structure Evaluation (CASE) of the Teratogenicity of Retinoids with the Aid of a Novel Geometry Index. 

Klopman G, Dimayuga ML. Computer Automated Structure Evaluation (CASE) of the teratogenicity of retinoids with the aid of a novel geometry index. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design. 1990 4(2) 117-130. 

A standard text listing the teratogenic potential of hundreds of substances provides indexes, summaries of literature, and references to source materials. 

Klopman G, Ptchelintsev D. Antifungal triazole alcohols a comparative analysis of structure-activity, structure-teratogenicity and structure-therapeutic index relationships using the multiple computer-automated structure evaluation (Multi-... 

Women comprise 51% of the population of most nations in Western countries, 54% of women are of child-bearing potential (15 9 years). Women account for 57% of physician visits (National Disease and Therapeutic Index ) (FDA, 1986). In the age group 20-39 years, women were found to be the biggest users of anti-infectives, especially ampicillin and amoxicillin antidepressants are prescribed twice as often to women as to men (Stewart, 1998) and of some concern was that tetracycline, a known teratogen, was the eighth most prescribed drug in this group most likely to bear children (FDA, 1986). 

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