Muscles in glycogen breakdown

As the distance and time taken for the event extends, oxidation becomes increasingly important in the generation of ATP, demonstrated by the decline in the rate of glycogen breakdown in muscle (Table 13.9). As oxidation of glycogen takes over from glycogen conversion to lactate, less... 

In addition to cAMP-mediated regulation, AMP and Ca2+ stimulate glycogen breakdown in muscle. 

Figure 21.14 Pathway Integration Hormonal control of glycogen breakdown. Glucagon stimulates liver glycogen breakdown when blood glucose is low. Epinephrine enhances glycogen breakdown in muscle and the liver to provide fuel for muscle contraction.

Fig. 43.6. Effects of epinephrine on fuel metabolism and pancreatic endocrine function. Epinephrine (Epi) stimulates glycogen breakdown in muscle and liver, gluconeogenesis in liver, and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Epinephrine further reinforces these effects because it increases the secretion of glucagon, a hormone that shares many of the same effects as epinephrine. Epi also inhibits insulin release but stimulates glucagon release from the pancreas.

Glycogen synthesis in liver and muscle Glycogen breakdown in liver Fat synthesis in liver Fat breakdown in adipose tissue Protein synthesis in muscle Protein breakdown in muscle... 

In muscle, the extensive glycogen reserves are exclusively used for the muscles own requirements (see p. 320). The slowly initiated protein breakdown in muscle supplies amino acids for gluconeogenesis in the liver. 

Raise of blood pressure, contraction of smooth muscles, glycogen breakdown in liver, lipid breakdown in adipose tissue... 

Different metabolic patterns in different organs. For glycogen phosphorylase, the isozymes in skeletal muscle and liver have different regulatory properties, reflecting the different roles of glycogen breakdown in these two tissues. 

Serotonin appears to be an important regulator of glycogen metabolism in most parasitic helminths. In flatworms, such as Fasciota hepatica or Schistosoma mansoni, serotonin stimulates both glycogen breakdown and muscle contraction in nematodes, such as A. suum, only glycogen breakdown is affected. In F. hepatica, the serotonin... 

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