Immunotherapy cells

Neri, D., H. Petrul, and G. Roncucci, Engineering recombinant antibodies for immunotherapy. Cell Biophys, 1995. 27(1) 47-61. 

Schwartz. R.ll, "Cosiimulalion of T Lymphocyies. The Role of CD2X, CTLA-4 and B77BBi in lnterleukin-2 Production and Immunotherapy." Cell. Ill)5 (December 24. 1992). 

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma has a poor prognosis and resists conventional chemotherapy. Immunotherapy with IL-2 and/or IFN-a is currently regarded as the most effective therapy with, however, modest response rates of 15-20%. Similar results are also observed in patients with metastatic melanoma and the response to IFN-a and IL-2 correlates with the occurrence of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T-lymphocytes identified in aspirates from melanoma metastases. Determination of these cells therefore seems to be a method to predict responders prior to the initiation of cytokine therapy. 

Molloy PE, Sewell AK, Jakobsen BK (2005) Soluble T cell receptors novel immunotherapies. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol 5 438-443... 

Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy l20 T-regulatory cells and more. Immunol Allergy Chn North Am 2006 26 207-231. 

Francis JN, Till SJ, Durham SR Induction of 1L-10+CD4+CD25+ T cells by grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 111 1255-1261. Jutel M, Akdis M, Budak F, Aebischer-Casaulta C. Wrzyszcz M, Blaser K, Akdis CA lL-10 and TGF-P cooperate in the regulatory T cell response to mucosal allergens in normal immunity and specific immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2003 33 1205-1214. 

Jutel M, Pichler WJ, Skrbic D, Urwyler A, Dahinden C, Muller UR Bee venom immunotherapy results in decrease of lL-4 and lL-5 and increase of IFN-y secretion in specific allergen-stimulated T cell cultures. J Immunol 1995 154 4187-4194. 

Radulovic S. Jacobson MR. Durham SR. Nouri-Aria KT Grass pollen immunotherapy induces Foxp3-expressing CD4+ CD25+ cells in the nasal mucosa. J AUergy Clin Immunol 2008 121 1467-1472. 1472 el461. 

Pharmacotherapy has an important role in managing AR symptoms (Table 59-2). Intranasal corticosteroids, systemic and topical antihistamines and decongestants, mast cell stabilizers, and immunotherapy all are beneficial in treating symptoms of AR.9 Antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are considered first-line therapy for AR, whereas decongestants, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene modifiers, and systemic corticosteroids are secondary treatment options10-12 (Fig. 59-2). Whenever exposure to allergens can be predicted (e.g., SAR or visiting homes with a pet), medications should be used pro-phylactically to maximize effectiveness.11... 

Ishida T, Iida S, Akatsuka Y, et al. The CC chemokine receptor 4 as a novel specific molecular target for immunotherapy in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004 10 7529-7539. 

Solbrig CM, Saucier-Sawyer JK, Cody V et al (2007) Polymer nanoparticles for immunotherapy from encapsulated tumor-associated antigens and whole tumor cells. Mol Pharm 4 47-57... 

The most widely studied therapeutic proteins produced in plants include monoclonal antibodies for passive immunotherapy and antigens for use as oral vaccines [40]. Antibodies against dental caries, rheumatoid arthritis, cholera, E. coli diarrhea, malaria, certain cancers, Norwalk virus, HIV, rhinovirus, influenza, hepatitis B virus and herpes simplex virus have been produced in transgenic plants. However, the anti-Streptococcus mutans secretory antibody for the prevention of dental caries is the only plant-derived antibody currently in Phase II clinical trials [40]. Until recently, most antibodies were expressed in tobacco, potato, alfalfa, soybean, rice and wheat [9], It has been estimated that for every 170 tons of harvested tobacco, 100 tons represents harvested leaves. A single hectare could thus yield 50 kg of secretory IgA [3, 41]. Furthermore, it has been estimated that the cost of antibody production in plants is half that in transgenic animals and 20 times lower than in mammalian cell cul-... 

In contrast to the above situation, cancers induced by viruses generally exhibit immunological cross-reactivity. Any specific virus will often induce expression of the same tumour antigen no matter what cell type it transforms. Moreover, in some cases, different transforming viruses can induce production of the same tumour antigen(s). Immunodetection/immunotherapy of such cancers is thus rendered attractive. Once a tumour antigen is identified, antibodies raised against it will likely cross-react with several other tumour types. 

Second, we described the successful outcomes of Ap immunotherapy in mutant mice with Ap amyloidosis. Unfortunately, in humans, although Phase 1 trials with Ap peptide and adjuvant vaccination were not associated with any adverse events, Phase 2 trials were suspended because of severe adverse reactions (meningoencephalitis) in a subset of patients [79,90]. The pathology in a single case, consistent with T-cell meningitis [90], was interpreted to show some clearance of Ap deposits, yet these regions... 

Finally, it has been shown that maturation of DCs is promoted by metabolized ginsenosides such as compound K. Takei et al (2004) showed that mature DCs differentiated with compound K enhance the differentiation of naive T cells toward the Thl t) e depending on lL-12 secretion, which clearly suggests that compound K has immunostimulatoty effects and that this compound is involved in the cancer preventive effects of ginseng and that compound K may be used on DC-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy (Takei et al, 2004). 

Regulatory T-cell immunotherapy for tolerance to self antigens and alloanti-gens in humans. Nat Rev Immunol 2007 7 585-598. 

Janssen EM, van Oosterhout AJM, Nijkamp FP, van Eden W, Wauben MHM The efficacy of immunotherapy in an experimental murine model of allergic asthma is related to the strength and site of T cell activation during immunotherapy. J Immunol 2000 165 7207-7214. 

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