Cross reactivity immunological

C26 0 acyl-CoA synthetase faces the cytosol and not the peroxisomal interior. Analysis of the ALD-gene in X-ALD patients both at the cDNA and genomic level, have revealed a large variety of different mutations including deletions, insertions and point mutations. Interestingly, most mutations render the ALD-protein unstable resulting in the absence of any cross-reactive immunological material upon immunofluorescence or immunoblot analysis (71% in our hands see . ... 

It was established that Ab to Klebsiella pneumoniae didn t demonstrate the cross-reactivity to antigens of the relative bacterial species so, it could be considered that antibodies investigated was highly specific only to the own antigen. The physical-chemical characteristics of the immunological interaction such as constants of formation of Ag-Ab complex were obtained. The binding constants of immune complex were Ka =(9.7 l.l)-10 and Ka,=(1.7+0.3)T0 (mg/ml)f... 

Similarity of venoms among different sea snakes and Elapidae can also be detected immunologically. For instance, the antibody for Enhydrina schistosa showed cross reactivity with the venoms of Hydrophis cyanocinctus, Lapemis hardwickii, and Pelamis platurus 12). The sea snake antivenin not only neutralizes the toxicity of various sea snake venoms, but also Naja naja atra (Taiwan cobra) venom 13-16). The reverse is also true namely, some Elapidae antivenins are also effective for neutralizing sea snake venom lethality 17-19). 

This was the original hypothesis put forward by Lee (1970) and expanded by Ogilvie et al. (1973). Secretory products of N. brasiliensis do indeed decrease the amplitude of contractions of segments of uninfected rat intestine maintained in an organ bath, but a role for AChE in this phenomenon was discounted due to the heat stability of the parasite factor, and the inability to duplicate the effect with AChE from the electric eel (Foster et al., 1994). Subsequent investigations demonstrated that the suppression of contraction could be duplicated by a 30-50 kDa fraction of secreted products, which contained a protein of 30 kDa that was immunologically cross-reactive with mammalian vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Moreover, an antibody to porcine VIP significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of parasite-secreted products on contraction in vitro (Foster and Lee, 1996). 

In contrast to the above situation, cancers induced by viruses generally exhibit immunological cross-reactivity. Any specific virus will often induce expression of the same tumour antigen no matter what cell type it transforms. Moreover, in some cases, different transforming viruses can induce production of the same tumour antigen(s). Immunodetection/immunotherapy of such cancers is thus rendered attractive. Once a tumour antigen is identified, antibodies raised against it will likely cross-react with several other tumour types. 

BPI has been purified and characterised from both human and rabbit neutrophils, and the two proteins from these different species are highly homologous the first 17 amino-terminal amino acids are 80% homologous and the two molecules are immunologically cross-reactive. BPI is tightly associated with the azurophilic granule for two reasons ... 

Phosphoinositase C (i.e. phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C [PLC]) enzymes are found in the vast majority of mammalian cells. Molecular cloning of these enzymes, analysis of their predicted amino acid sequences and immunological cross-reactivity indicate that at least three major forms of the enzyme exist PLC-/I, -8 and -y. Each of these enzyme types is encoded by a distinct gene. More recent experiments using the polymerase chain reaction and molecular cloning have revealed even greater enzyme di-... 

Bioactive-peptide-functionalized CNTs can cause strong anti-peptide immunological responses in mice, no cross-reactivity against CNTs was detected (Pantarotto et al., 2003 Salvetat et al., 2006). Employing fully the advantages of CNTs and proteins may fabricate a lot of nanomotor or nanoscale machinery with unique function. 

Taken together, these results suggest that molecular recognition of the dodecapeptide by antibodies differs from its recognition by concanavahn A, and that the immunological cross-reactivity observed in some studies does not reflect structural mimicry. That molecular recognition by concanavalin A of carbohydrates and peptides differs has also been shown in structural studies. Here, the functional molecular mimicry observed with respect to different receptors should not be assumed to imply structural mimicry—the inter-molecular interactions may differ in each case. 

The interaction of a chemical (hapten) with epidermal proteins (carrier) can result in a hapten-carrier complex capable of activating skin-associated lymphoid tissue (sensitisation) and dissemination of antigen-specific T l)unphocytes (induction). Subsequent encoimter with the same or cross-reactive chemicals can result in the elicitation of a characteristic inflammatory skin reaction. The clinical condition is referred to as allergic contact dermatitis and is characterised by erythema, oedema, vesiculation and pruritus. Allergic contact sensitisation is, therefore, classed as a cell-mediated immunological response to chemicals that contact and penetrate the skin. 

Wyss P et al, Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas of wild-type soybean and non-nodulating mutants with Glomus mosseae contain symbiosis-specific polypeptides (mycorrhizins), immunologically cross-reactive with nodulins, Planta 182 22— 26, 1990. 

Binder, M. Mahler, V. Hayek, B. Sperr, W.R. Scholler, M. Prozell, S. Wie-dermann, G. Valent, P. Valenta, R. Duchene, M. Molecular and immunological characterization of arginine kinase from the Indianmeal moth, Plo-dia interpunctella, a novel cross-reactive invertebrate pan-allergen. J. Immunol., 167, 5470-5477 (2001)... 

The linear polysaccharides have been used in a number of immunological reactions. The linear D-mannan was found to confer cutaneous activity in guinea pigs to a dermatophyte polysaccharide.136 It was, however, found to be non-cross-reactive with antibodies to yeast D-mannan,137-138 and antibodies to linear D-mannan were not cross-reactive to yeast D-mannan.138 Anti-linear-D-mannan antibodies have been... 

Avenacinase, an enzyme from G. graminis var. avenae, is related to tomatinase from S. lycopersici because is able to deglucosilate tomatine by identical mode of action. However, the activity is very low and corresponds to approximately 2% of its activity towards avenacin A-1 [32]. Tomatinase form S. lycopersici, also can cleave avenacin A-l but has less than 0.01% of activity towards it in comparison to its activity towards tomatine [32]. Therefore, the two enzymes are highly specific for their respective host plant saponins. Purification and characterization of S. lycopersici tomatinase revealed that this enzyme shares many properties (including immunological cross-reactivity) with avenacinase... 

Hamilton, J.V., Chiodini, P.L., Fallon, P.G. and Doenhoff, M.J. (1999) Periodate-sensitive immunological cross-reactivity between keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KFH) and serodiagnostic Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens. Parasitology 11 8, 83-90. 

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