Immunological Research

Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy... 

Oncology and Immunology Research Section, Medical Research Division, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company,... 

As noted above, the primary focus of immunotoxicology has been on suppression many of the early techniques grew out of basic immunology research, in which the function of various components of the immune response was determined by selective manipu-... 

The combination of the specificity of the antigen-antibody interaction with the exquisite sensitivity of fluorescence detection and quantitation yields one of the most widely applicable analytical tools in cell biology (1). Within the last decade, flow cytometry (FCM) has become an integral part of basic immunological research. Elaboration of this technology has been intensively stimulated by a rapidly growing sophistication in monoclonal antibody technology and vice versa (2). 

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Dimitry Bazyka, Dept, of Clinical Immunology, Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Melnikova 53, Kyiv, 04050 Ukraine, e-mail baz rcrm.kiev.ua... 

Another system proposed for use in solid-phase systems is called the multipin system, originally developed by H. Mario Geysen, then at Australia s Commonwealth Serum Laboratories. Geysen s system makes use of one of the most popular tools of immunological research, the 96-well polyethylene plate consisting of eight rows of 12... 

Results of cell biological, biochemical, and immunological research of the past decades have revealed that glycosylation is a very common posttranslational modification of proteins in eukaryotic cells [1]. The carbohydrate portions of glycoproteins obviously play important roles in the organized distribution of these macromolecules within the cells and... 

James, S.L. (1986) Activated macrophages as effector cells of protective immunity to schistosomiasis. Immunologic Research 5, 1 39-148. 

Eva Medina Infection Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany... 

Animals to be used for immunological research show pronounced differences in their capacity to respond to specific antigens, including those containing carbohydrates. Such differences are genetically controlled and the selection of animals for immunization should be on the basis of a preliminary test. It is well to immunize a group of animals for short periods, and select those individuals which give the best response in preliminary trials for futher immunization and for production of antibodies. 

The theoretical concepts related to the idiotypic network and the nature of molecular mimicry are important areas of immunological research (34-37). Although the intricacies of the natural process are complex, several practical applications of anti-idiotypic antibodies to biological problems have been made, e.g. to detect and isolate certain receptors. The competitive inhibition by ligands of the idiotype-anti-idiotype interaction will also enable the environmental scientist to develop novel immunoassay procedures for compounds of interest. Two specific antibodies are required. The idiotype (Abl), specific for the hapten, is obtained by... 

A broad spectrum of immunoassays for low-molecular weight haptens, macromolecules, and microorganisms have been made available in recent years through the enormous progress in immunological research, especially in the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. About one billion immunoassays are sold per year. 

Gray, T.K. and Cohen, M.S. (1985) Vitamin D, phagocyte differentiation and immune function. Survey of Immunologic Research, 4, 200—212. 

An interesting application is the use of bromelain in the debridement of third degree bums [112], in the treatment of blunt injuries to the musculoskeletal system [113], and in frostbite eschar removal [114]. It is also used as a potentiating agent in antibiotic therapy [115]. In laboratory medicine it is used extensively in blood group serology [116] and in immunology research [117]. 

Junghans, R.P (1997) Finally The Brambell receptor (FcRB). Mediator of transmission of immunity and protection from catabolism for IgG. Immunological Research, 16, 29 57. 

Between 12 and IS billion US per year are spent for analytical purposes worldwide. In this sum the analytical usage of enzymes in clinical chemistry, food and cosmetic industry, and biotechnology for the routine measurement of about 80 substances, mainly low-molecular mass metabolites but also effectors, inhibitors, and the activity of enzymes themselves, is included. A wide range of immunoassays for low-molecular mass haptens, macro-molecules, and microorganisms have been made available in recent years through the enormous progress in immunological research, especially by the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. About 1 billion immunoassays are sold per year. 

Identification of applications is one of the major aspect that needs attention in the immediate future. A need for proportional (vs binary) magnetic separation was identified in the areas of immunological research, pharmaceutical dehvery, and biomedical appHcations. The need for proportional (vs binary) separations was identified in each case. It was found that the pharmaceutical dehvery field has an immediate need for the separation of magnetic particles for the dehvery of drugs. 

Nelson PN, Hooley P, Ejtehadi HD, Rylance P, Warren P, Martin J, Mirrray PG. Molecular Immunology Research Group. Human endogenous retroviruses transposable elements with potential Qin Exp ImmunoL 2004 138 1-9. 

Mice will be used in all procedures described herewith, because of the general availabUity of these species for immunology research and the avail-abihty of tools, including genetically modified individuals and availabUity of mouse-specific chemokines tools, i.e., recombinant murine chemokines and... 

Nakamura, T, Ohbayashi, M., Toda, M., Hall, D.A., Horgan, C.M. a al. (2005) A specific CCR3 chemokine receptor antagonist inhibits both early and late phase allergic inflammation in the conjimctiva. Immunologic Research, 33, 213-221. 

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