ILSI Risk Science Institute

ILSI, International Life Sciences Institute, Research Needs on Age-related Differences in Susceptibility to Chemical Toxicants. Report of an ILSI Risk Science Institute Working Group. Washington, DC ILSI Risk Science Institute, 1996. 

Blair A, Burg J, Foran J, Gibb H, Greenland S, Morris R, Raabe G, Savitz D, Teta J, Wartenberg D (1995) Guidelines for application of meta-analysis in environmental epidemiology. ILSI Risk Science Institute. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 22 189-197. 

Focal Point in China, and the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. ILSI also accomplishes its work through the ILSI Research Foundation (composed of the ILSI Human Nutrition Institute and the ILSI Risk Science Institute) and the ILSI Center for Health Promotion. 

ILSI (1998). International Life Science Institute Risk Science Institute. Workshop on Aggregate Exposure Assessment. Washington, DC. 

G. Oberdorster et al., for ILSI Research Foundation/Risk Science Institute Nanomaterial Toxicity Screening Working Group. Principles for characterizing the potential human health... 

ILSI (2003) Final report Workshop to develop a framework for assessing risks to children from exposure to environmental agents. Washington, DC, International Life Sciences Institute, Risk Science Institute. 

ILSI, Aggregate Exposure Assessment Workshop, 9-10 February, Risk Sciences Institute, International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Press, Washington, DC, USA, 1998 (website http //WWW. ilsi. org/file/rsiaggexp. pdf). 

ILSI (2000). The relevance of the rat lung response to particle overload for human risk assessment A workshop consensus report. ILSl Risk Science Institute Worksht Participants. Inhal Toxicol 12,1-17. 

ILSI RSI International Life Sciences Risk Sciences Institute... 

ILSI, Early Warning Monitoring to Detect Hazardous Events in Water Supplies. International Life Sciences Institute-Risk Science Institute, 1999. http //rsi.ilsi.org/file/ EWM.pdf. 

By definition, a nutraceutical (derived from the term nutritional pharmaceutical ) is a foodstuff (fortified food or dietary supplement) that is held to provide health or medical benefits in addition to its basic nutritional value [1], Nutraceuticals derived from botanicals deliver a concentrated form of presumed bioactive agents from plants that are not generally part of the food supply. The term nutraceutical has no regulatory definition. Similarly, functional foods, as defined by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), are foods that by virtue of physiologically active food components, provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition [2], For the purposes of this review, these two terms will be differentiated by the form in which they are consumed. Nutraceuticals refers to dietary supplements most often found in pill or capsule form functional foods are ingested as part of a normal food pattern. Both are intended to provide beneficial effects beyond their nutritional value, and contribute to an improved state of health and/or reduction of risk of disease. 

The methodology in the case study for chronic exposure, as well as several advances in probabilistic assessment methodology for acute exposure (e.g., a person s exposure on a single day), are being incorporated into the Cumulative and Aggregate Risk Evaluation System (CARES) begun in 2000 and being further developed with the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) in 2004. 

ILSI (2004). International Life Science Institute. Cumulative and Aggregate Risk Evaluation System (CARES ) Research Foundation Project. 

These issues are ones of extrapolation and as noted by Preston (2005) such extrapolations are the Achilles heel of risk assessment (Preston 2005). The U.S. EPA, The International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS), and The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), for example, have proposed a framework based on the mode of action of a chemical, the key events that define a particular mode of action, and a human relevance framework for assessing the plausibility of an animal mode of action to humans. It is this approach that will be described and discussed in this chapter. 

International Life Sciences Instimte (ILSI) (1997). An evaluation of EPA s proposed guidelines for carcmc en risk assessment using chloroform and dichloroacetate as case studies report of an expert panel. ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC. 

SCF opinion on the scientific basis of the concept (requested by the EU Commission), published on 8 March 1996, found it a sound concept, but requested an up-to-date review covering more end-points than carcinogenicity, and possibly two Thresholds (non-genotoxic and genotoxic substances). It also noted that the FDA risk assessment process is different from Europe. APME formed a Task Force with the chemicals industry body CEFIC-FCA in 1995 to evaluate a regulatory concept. ILSI (the International Life Science Institute) formed a Task Force on Threshold of Toxicity in 1996. 

Mauderly JL. Contribution of inhalation bioassays to the assessment of human health risks from solid airborne particles. In Mohr U, Dungworth DL, Mauderly JL, Oberdorster G, eds. Toxic and Carcinogenic Effects of Solid Particles in the Respiratory Tract. Washington, DC International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), 1994 43-55. 

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