Risk science

W. W. Lawrence, Of Acceptable Risk, Science and the Determination of Safety, William Kaufman Inc., Los Altos, Calif., 1976. 

Chauncey Starr, Social Benefit versus Technological Risk, Science, Vol. 165, September 19, 1969, pp. 1232-1238. 

Okrent, D 1980, Comment on Societal Risk Science 208, pp 372-375, April. 

The link between the ecological/ecotoxicological risk assessment and the risk management frameworks is demonstrated. The ecological risk assessment consists of seven interactive elements (Fig. 17). The quantitative and descriptive science used to conduct ERA (Table 5) does not answer, in a direct way, the question of what should be done to manage the risk. Science determines adversity, but the public determines acceptability (Fig. 18). But acceptable risk is a highly subjective and relative term. It is time and space-specific and depends upon definitions of quality of life and robustness of the environment. 

ILSI, International Life Sciences Institute, Research Needs on Age-related Differences in Susceptibility to Chemical Toxicants. Report of an ILSI Risk Science Institute Working Group. Washington, DC ILSI Risk Science Institute, 1996. 

Dowdy DL,McKoneTE, Hsieh DPH (1994) The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15th Annual Meeting Ecological Risk - Science, Law and Policy, Denver, CO (USA), 30 Oct-3 Nov... 

Blair A, Burg J, Foran J, Gibb H, Greenland S, Morris R, Raabe G, Savitz D, Teta J, Wartenberg D (1995) Guidelines for application of meta-analysis in environmental epidemiology. ILSI Risk Science Institute. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 22 189-197. 

R. Bate, ed., What Risk Science, Politics and Public Health (Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997). 

S. Olin, International Life Sciences Institute, Risk Science Institute, 1126 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States... 

Dorothy E. Patton is an adjunct professor at the Georgetown (University) Public Policy Institute and a consultant with the Risk Science Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute. Before retiring in July 2000, Dr. 

ILSI (1998). International Life Science Institute Risk Science Institute. Workshop on Aggregate Exposure Assessment. Washington, DC. 

Cui H, Cruz-Correa M, Giardiello FM, Hutcheon DF, Kafonek DR, Brandenburg S, Wu Y, He X, Powe NR, Feinberg AP. Loss of IGF2 imprinting a potential marker of colorectal cancer risk. Science 2003 299 1753-1755. 

G. Oberdorster et al., for ILSI Research Foundation/Risk Science Institute Nanomaterial Toxicity Screening Working Group. Principles for characterizing the potential human health... 

ILSI, Aggregate Exposure Assessment Workshop, 9-10 February, Risk Sciences Institute, International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Press, Washington, DC, USA, 1998 (website http //WWW. ilsi. org/file/rsiaggexp. pdf). 

Focal Point in China, and the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. ILSI also accomplishes its work through the ILSI Research Foundation (composed of the ILSI Human Nutrition Institute and the ILSI Risk Science Institute) and the ILSI Center for Health Promotion. 

Stone R. 1995. A molecular approach to cancer risk. Science 268 356-57... 

Beer, Tom, Alik Ismail-Zadeh, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scientific Affairs Division. Risk Science and Sustainability Science for Reduction of Risk and Sustainable Development of Society. Vol. 112 of Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry. NATO Science Series, ser. II. Boston Kluwer, 2003. 

A relatively early, and highly influential work, Of Acceptable Risk Science and The Determination of Safety, by William Lowrance (William Kaufman, Los Altos, CA, 1979) sets forth the basic issues in the determination of safety. Also widely-cited is Peter Barton Hutt s Legal considerations in risk assessment under federal regulatory statutes in Assessment and Management of Chemical Risks, (J.V. Rodricks and R.G. Tardiff, Editors, ACS Symposium Series 239, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 1984). Fred Hoerger offers an excellent perspective on the role of risk assessment in corporate decision-making in this same volume (Chapter 10). 

---