Hypersensitivity sodium

Chelated complexes such as sodium zirconium lactate [15529-67-6] or ammonium zirconium carbonate [22829-17-0] and acidic forms such as zirconium hydroxy oxide chloride [18428-88-1] have been used in preparations in deodorants or for treatment for poison oak and poison ivy dermatitis. In such occasions, when the skin had been cut or abraded, a few users developed granulomas which have been identified as a delayed hypersensitivity to zirconium (99). These may take several weeks to develop, and commonly persist for 6 months to over a year. 

Respiratory and central nervous system depression, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, hypersensitivity reactions, headache Same as amobarbital sodium... 

Oxcarbazepine Modulate sodium channels Loading dose Not recommended due to excessive adverse effects Maintenance dose 600-1200 mg/day. Start at 300 mg twice daily and titrate upward as indicated by response Half-life Not established Parent drug 2 hours 1 0-monohydroxy metabolite 9 hours Apparent volume of distribution 0.5-0.7 L/kg Protein binding 40% Primary elimination route Hepatic Diplopia, dizziness, somnolence Hyponatremia, 25-30% cross sensitivity in patients with hypersensitivity to carbamazepine... 

Oxcarbazepine Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentrations less than 125 mEq/L) has been reported and occurs more frequently during the first 3 months of therapy serum sodium concentrations should be monitored in patients receiving drugs that lower serum sodium concentrations (e.g., diuretics or drugs that cause inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) or in patients with symptoms of hyponatremia (e.g., confusion, headache, lethargy, and malaise). Hypersensitivity reactions have occurred in approximately 25-30% of patients with a history of carbamazepine hypersensitivity and requires immediate discontinuation. 

Strom BL, Carson JL, Morse ML, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions associated with zompirac sodium and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 

All anemias not associated with iron deficiency hypersensitivity to sodium ferric gluconate complex or any of its inactive components evidence of iron overload. 

Hypersensitivity reactions Serious hypersensitivity reactions have been rarely reported. One case of a life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction has been observed in a patient who received a single dose of sodium ferric gluconate complex in a postmarketing study. Three serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported from the spontaneous reporting system. 

Hypersensitivity to these agents depressed sodium or potassium serum levels marked kidney and liver disease or dysfunction suprarenal gland failure hyperchloremic acidosis adrenocortical insufficiency severe pulmonary obstruction with inability to increase alveolar ventilation since acidosis may be increased (dichlorphenamide) cirrhosis (acetazolamide, methazolamide) long-term use in chronic noncongestive angle-closure glaucoma. 

SODiUM SALiCYLATE Less effective than an equal dose of aspirin in reducing pain or fever. Patients hypersensitive to aspirin may be able to tolerate sodium salicylate. Each gram contains 6.25 mEq sodium. 

Hypersensitivity to salicylates or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Use extreme caution in patients with history of adverse reactions to salicylates. Cross-sensitivity may exist between aspirin and other NSAIDs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, and aspirin, and tartrazine. Aspirin cross-sensitivity does not appear to occur with sodium salicylate, salicylamide, or choline salicylate. Aspirin hypersensitivity is more prevalent in those with asthma, nasal polyposis, chronic urticaria. 

Cefditoren contains sodium caseinate, a milk protein. Do not administer cefditoren to patients with milk protein hypersensitivity (not lactose intolerance). 

Hydrocortisone is a relatively short-acting agent. For replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency it is administered orally and in combination with fludrocortisone. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate is a water-soluble derivative which can be used parenter-ally in emergencies such as acute bronchospasm and hypersensitivity reactions like anaphylactic shock. 

Contraindications Hypersensitivity to pentosan polysulfate sodium or structurally related compounds... 

Contraindications Metabolic/respiratory alkalosis, current treatment with sedative-hypnotics, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, hypersensitivity to sodium oxybate or any component of fhe formulaf ion... 

Sodium ferric gluconate complex and iron-sucrose complex are alternative parenteral iron preparations. These agents can be given only by the intravenous route. They appear to be less likely than high-molecular-weight iron dextran to cause hypersensitivity reactions. 

Iron dextran, iron sucrose complex, and sodium ferric gluconate complex Parenteral preparations can cause hypersensitivity reactions ... 

Iodine in a 1 20,000 solution is bactericidal in 1 minute and kills spores in 15 minutes. Tincture of iodine USP contains 2% iodine and 2.4% sodium iodide in alcohol. It is the most active antiseptic for intact skin. It is not commonly used because of serious hypersensitivity reactions that may occur and because of its staining of clothing and dressings. 

Disodium cromoglycate (724), marketed as Intal or Cromolyn Sodium, bears some structural resemblance to khellin (457), the spasmolytic component of seeds of Ammi visnaga. Intal is one of the more successful drugs for the prevention of asthmatic attacks, though it is not effective in the treatment of an acute attack of asthma. It appears to prevent the release of histamine and other substances which mediate hypersensitivity reactions but is ineffective once these substances have been released. The chemistry and pharmacology of Intal have been reviewed (B-70MI22402). 

Dissolved in water, sulfur dioxide produces sulfurous acid (H2S03), hydrogen sulfite ion (HSOj), and sulfite ion (SOf ). Sodium sulfite (Na2S03) has been used as a chemical food preservative, although some individuals are hypersensitive to it. 

Among the drugs which are known to interact with barium, the barbiturates sodium pentobarbital and phenobarbital were found to have an increased depressive effect on the hearts of rats exposed to barium (Kopp et al. 1985 Perry et al. 1983, 1989). This hypersensitivity of the cardiovascular system to anesthesia was not observed in similarly treated animals that were anesthetized with xylazine plus ketamine. Results of the study indicated that the hypersensitivity was specific to the barbiturates and not a generalized effect of anesthesia (Kopp et al. 1985). 

Kopp SJ, Perry HM Jr, Feliksik JM, et al. 1985. Cardiovascular dysfunction and hypersensitivity to sodium pentobarbital induced by chronic barium chloride ingestion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 77 303-314. 

Many natural and artificial colorings (especially the natural ones because of the character of the antigen), used as color improvers in food products can be associated with adverse reaction, including allergenic hypersensitivity (Bosso and Simon 2008) (Table 14.4.3). Adverse hyperactive behavioral changes in children have been documented as caused by excess amounts of artificial food colorings and sodium benzoate preservatives in the diet (Bateman et al. 2004). 

Patients who are sensitive to aspirin shonld not be given any other NSAID becanse of possible cross-sensitivity reactions. Aspirin cross-sensitivity however, does not appear to occur with the nonacetylated salicylates such as sodium salicylate or choline salicylate. As mentioned previously, aspirin hypersensitivity is more prevalent in patients with asthma, rhinitis, or nasal polyposis. This syndrome has been termed the aspirin triad. ... 

As a result of a tubular hypersensitivity to aldosterone, cirrhotic patients usually display functional aldosteronism in the early stages of increased sodium retention. This would explain the diuretic and natriuretic efficacy of spironolactone even in cirrhotic patients with normal aldosterone levels. 

A number of studies have reported that topical fluoride application may reduce dental hypersensitivityJ ° These results have been found when concentrated dosage forms have been applied ranging from 8% stannous fluoride gels to 33.3% sodium fluoride paste. It has been shown that commercial dentifrices containing stannous fluoride may also decrease dental hypersensitivity. Also, a combination of stannous fluoride and potassium nitrate is marketed by one manufacturer to reduce sensitivity. Varnishes containing sodium fluoride have also been shown to reduce dental hypersensitivity. 

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