Cromolyn, sodium

The discovery of the utility of the bis-chromone carboxylic acid derivative cromolyn sodium in the treatment of asthma and related allergies has led to an intensive, and thus far not very fruitful, effort to discover analogues which would show oral activity in contrast to the lead which must be administered by inhalation. Preparation of a typical analogue, proxicromil (63), starts with the O-allylated phenol 57. Claisen rearrangement leads to the corresponding C-allylated product 58. 

Endomethylene-A -tetrahydro benzaldehyde Cyclothiazide Epibromohydrin Carteolol Epichlorohydrin Acebutolol Atenolol Befunolol Betaxolol HCI Bufetrol Bunitrolol Bupranolol Carazolol Carnitine Celiprolol Colestipol Cromolyn sodium I ndenolol Mazindol Mepindolol Metoprolol tartrate Nadolol Nifuratel Oxprenolol Penbutolol Practolol Propafenone HCI Propranolol HCI Viloxazine HCI Xanthinol niacinate Epinephrine... 

Narcotan - Halothane Narco26p Flunitrazepam Nardeizine Phenelzine sulfate Nardil - Phenelzine sulfate Narest Valethamate bromide Narigix Nalidixic acid Narsis - Medazepam Nasafarma - Oxymetazoline HCI Nazalide Flunisolide Nasal Yer Naphazoline Nasin Tetrahydrozoline HCI Nasivin - Oxymetazoline HCI Nasky Inositol niacinate Nasmil - Cromolyn sodium Nasophen - Phenylephrine HCI Natacillin - Hetacillln potassium Natacyn - Natamycin Natam - Flurazepam... 

Ryegonovin - Methylergonovine maleete Rynecrom - Cromolyn sodium Rythmical - Disopyramide phosphate Rythmoden - Disopyramide phosphate Rythmodul Disopyramide phosphate Rytmil - Bisacodyl Rytmilen - Disopyramide phosphate Rytmonorm - Propafenone HCI... 

Cromones are used to prevent asthma attacks. To be effective they have to betaken continuously. Their mechanism of action is poorly understood. Cromones (cromolyn sodium, nedocromil) act as mast cell-stabilizing agents,... 

Mast cell stabilizers include cromolyn sodium (Intal) and nedocromil sodium (Tilade). 

Cromolyn sodium 1-2 drops in each eye 4-6 times daily Ocular stinging... 

Intravenous delivery to lungs of antiallergic compounds Sodium cromoglicate (Cromolyn sodium)... 

Fig. 10 Release of cromolyn sodium (sodium cromoglycate) from human serum albumin microspheres prepared using a water-oil emulsion technique with 5% glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Dissolution medium pH 7 phosphate buffer. (From Ref. 98.)... 

When stored under increasing relative humidities (RH), cromolyn sodium absorbed water, resulting in a continuous series of interstitial solid solutions [11]. The amount of water absorbed was proportional to the relative humidity of the environment and could be up to about nine molecules of water per molecule of drug. Such an unusual system was characterized by combining XPD with single-crystal x-ray studies. The unit cell parameters of cromolyn sodium were obtained from single-crystal x-ray studies, and this permitted the authors to index the powder pattern. The b axis spacing was found to increase dramatically as a function of the relative humidity up to 20% RH (Table 2). Above 40% RH, the unit cell dimensions were nearly constant. 

Table 2 Lattice Parameters of Cromolyn Sodium as a Function of Relative Humidity...

Nonspecific hydration, or hydration of the lattice without first-order phase transitions, also must be considered. Cox et al. [40] reported the moisture uptake profile of cromolyn sodium, and the related effects on the physical properties of this substance. Although up to nine molecules of water per molecule of cromolyn sodium are sorbed into the crystalline lattice at 90% relative humidity, the sorption profile does not show any sharp plateaus corresponding to fixed hydrates. Rather, the uptake profile exhibits a gradual increase in moisture content as relative humidity increases, which results in... 

Cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom), a mast cell stabilizer, is available as a nonprescription nasal spray for symptomatic prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis. 

Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium have beneficial effects that are believed to result from stabilization of mast cell membranes. They inhibit the response to allergen challenge as well as EIB but do not cause bronchodilation. 

Nasalcrom (cromolyn sodium) One spray in each nostril, qid... 

Khellin (32) Cromolyn sodium (33) Chromone derivative Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and vernal keratitis... 

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