Allergenic hypersensitivity

Possible Risk of Evoking Allergenic Hypersensitivity Response.66... 

BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND POSSIBLE RISK OF EVOKING ALLERGENIC HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSE... 

The above information confirms that external factors, and particularly psychological stress, play a critical role in the functioning of the immune system and appearance of inflammatory reactions, mainly in the digestive system. The mutual reactions between the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems mean that stress reactions can evoke the occurrence of allergenic hypersensitivity. 

Qualitative and the quantitative analyses of food allergens are essential because of the health risk they pose to food consumers (particularly to those who suffer from allergenic hypersensitivity). As most allergens are proteins, glyco- or lipoproteins, traditional protein determination assays can help examine their biochemical properties. Classical methods used for studying proteins include Physicochemical methods... 

Food additives, and particularly added nutrients, are most often a source of the so-called hidden allergens in food products and, as such, constitute a serious health threat to consumers who suffer from allergenic hypersensitivity they can even cause a life-threatening anaphylaxis (David 1993). For this reason, it is essential that use of food additives and food labeling be legally regulated. 

Cases of allergenic hypersensitivity caused by food additives are rather rare (0.03%-0.23% of population) (Wuthrich 1993) and difficult to diagnose (Spergel and Fiedler 2005). The prevalence rate of food-additive-induced asthma exacerbations obtained by using double-blind, placebo-controlled trails is about 5% (23%-67% of asthmatics believe that food additives exacerbate their asthma) (Bush and Montalbano 2008). One of the reasons why it is difficult to diagnose the exact effect of food additives is the fact that ingredients which appear in food products in very... 

Concentrating and gelling agent. It is supposed to trigger die allergenic hypersensitivity. Used in lollies, cordials, essences, some flour products, dressings, fruit juice drinks, and as a caffeine-free chocolate substitute. 

Sulfite sensitivity primarily affects a relatively small subgroup of asthmatic population (Bosso and Simon 2008), Salicylates can also cause allergenic hypersensitivity reactions (Sainte-Laudy 2001). 

Many natural and artificial colorings (especially the natural ones because of the character of the antigen), used as color improvers in food products can be associated with adverse reaction, including allergenic hypersensitivity (Bosso and Simon 2008) (Table 14.4.3). Adverse hyperactive behavioral changes in children have been documented as caused by excess amounts of artificial food colorings and sodium benzoate preservatives in the diet (Bateman et al. 2004). 

Hypersensitivity (or allergy) describes an inappropriate immune response to foreign substances, allergens, giving rise to irritant or harmful reactions. 

Muller UR, Golden DBK, Lockey RF, Shin B Immunotherapy for Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity in Lockey RF, Ledford DK (eds) Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy. New York, Informa Healthcare, 2008, pp 377-392. 

IgE Mediates immediate hypersensitivity by causing release of mediators from mast cells and basophils upon exposure to antigen (allergen). Defends against worm infections by causing release of enzymes from eosinophils. Does not fix complement. Main host defense against helminthic infections. 

Atopic Related to a genetically determined hypersensitivity to environmental allergens allergic. 

Marks JG Jr, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA, Fowler JF Jr, Fransway AF, Maibach HI, Mathias CG, Pratt MD, Rietschel RL, Sherertz EF, Storrs FJ, Taylor JS North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 38 911— 918. 

These are called delayed hypersensitivity reactions since they normally occur 6-24 hours after exposure. A cell-mediated allergy involves the interaction of food allergens with sensitised lymphocytes, which usually occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. The sensitised lymphocytes produce lymphokines and the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These latter cells destroy other intestinal cells, including the epithelial cells that are critical for absorption. 

The answer is a. (Hardman, p 224.) Epinephrine is the drug of choice to relieve the symptoms of an acute, systemic, immediate hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen (anaphylactic shock). Subcutaneous administration of a 1 1000 solution of epinephrine rapidly relieves itching and urticaria, and this may save the life of the patient when laryngeal edema and bronchospasm threaten suffocation and severe hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias become life-endangering. Norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and atropine are ineffective therapies Angioedema is responsive to antihis-... 

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