Hygiene implications

AlHA and ACCIH (1998). No value BELs issues and implications of hiomoiiitoring without limits. Roundtable 214, American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition,. May 9-15, 1998, Atlanta, Georgia. 

The coat state assessment is a fast and simple qualitative method of assessing mouse depression-like states through observation of the condition of an animal s fur. In rodents, coat state tends to decline with increased depression, similar to depressed patients who frequently exhibit poor hygiene (29-31). Antidepressants have been shown to improve the coat condition of mice while reducing depression-like symptoms (29-31). For example, the reduction of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been associated with improved coat state (and is implicated in depression) (32). Of importance here, antidepressants (e.g., imipramine) and anxiolytics (e.g., chlordiazepoxide) have been shown to interact with corticotropin-releasing factor (33) (see Note 7). 

The only areas more dominated by acronyms than industrial hygiene are the civil service and the international intelligence communities. However, a number of these acronyms have very specific meanings and implications, and it is worth defining these for the tyro [734a,1787] ... 

Why has there been a marked increase in asthma in affluent industrialized countries To answer this question, recent thought has focused on the hygiene hypothesis, which implicates an imbalance of THi and TH2 lymphocytes as a major cause of the increased prevalence of asthma... 

Bacterial superinfection of pox lesions was relatively uncommon except in the absence of proper hygiene and medical care. Arthritis and osteomyelitis developed late in the course of disease in about 1% to 2% of patients, more frequently occurred in children, and was often manifested as bilateral joint involvement, particularly of the elbows.70 Viral inclusion bodies could be demonstrated in the joint effusion and bone marrow of the involved extremity. This complication reflected infection and inflammation of a joint followed by spread to contiguous bone metaphyses, and sometimes resulted in permanent joint deformity.71 Cough and bronchitis were occasionally reported as prominent manifestations of smallpox, with attendant implications for spread of contagion however, pneumonia was unusual.72 Pulmonary edema occurred frequently in hemorrhagic- and flat-type smallpox. Orchitis was noted in approximately 0.1% of patients. Encepha-... 

This is an issue with huge implications for nursing. Patients are becoming scared of hospitals for fear that medical attention might kill them MethaciUin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile, lethal strains of E. coli are constantly in the news. The people most likely to spread these killers from patient to patient are doctors and nurses. Up till the 1940s, hospital staff were obsessive over hygiene there were no antibiotics. Today we have become complacent and careless and the bacteria are back ... 

There is an epidemic of immune-mediated disease in highly-developed industrialized countries. Such diseases, like inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and asthma increase in prevalence as populations adopt modem hygienic practices. These practices prevent exposure to parasitic worms (helminths). Epidemiologic studies surest that people who carry helminths have less immune-mediated disease. Mice colonized with helminths are protected from disease in models of cohtis, encephalitis. Type 1 diabetes and asthma. Clinical trials show that exposure to helminths reduce disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn s disease. This chapter reviews some of the work showing that colonization with helminths alters immune responses, against dysregulated inflammation. These helminth-host immune interactions have potentially important implications for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. 

The above recommendations from "Prudent Practices" do not include those which are directed primarily toward prevention of physical injury rather than toxic exposure. However, failure of precautions against injury will often have the secondary effect of causing toxic exposures. Therefore, we list below page references for recommendations concerning some of the major categories of safety hazards which also have implications for chemical hygiene ... 

FLETCHER R c, ROY w, DAVIE A, TAYLOR J, ROBERTSON D and MIGAUD H (2007) Evaluation of new microparticulate diets for early weaning of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) Implications on larval performances and tank hygiene. Aquaculture 263(1-4) 35-51. 

As sucrose and honey are implicated in problems of tooth decay, as well as being culprits in the continuing battle against obesity, an active field of study is the search for new, noncaloric, noncarbohydrate sweeteners. Even if such a nonnutritive sweetener possessed some calories, if it were very sweet, it would not be necessary to use as much of the sweetener therefore, the impact on dental hygiene and on diet would be less. 

In early 2004, four visionary people from four different companies convened to discuss the emerging area of nanotechnology from an industrial hygiene perspective that they had been observing from within their own companies and the implications of this emerging technology on occupational safety and... 

Special induction sessions were undertaken for all of those involved in the hospital project works. These were organised following the appointment of the principal contractor to brief staff. This specially targeted precaution was thought to be necessary because of hazards arising from work in hygiene-sensitive areas and for hospital staff to appreciate and understand the possible impact and implications of the contractors remedial works for their normal activities. ... 

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