Hydrochloric acid, flame combustion

Particularly important compounds have been studied by flame combustion calorimetry. Methane [92-94], ethanol [95], diethyl ether [96], carbon monoxide [92,93,97], hydrochloric acid [98], and water [93,97,99] are representative examples. With a few exceptions (HC1, H2O, D2O [100], SO2 [101], cyanogen [102,103], and some lower chloroalkanes [104,105]), measurements by flame combustion calorimetry have been limited to substances of general formula CaHbOc. 

Iron oxides obtained after flame spraying of spent hydrochloric acid pickle liquor, red mud from bauxite processing, and the product of pyrites combustion are no longer of importance. They yield pigments with inferior color properties that contain considerable amounts of water-soluble salts. They can therefore only be used in low-grade applications. 

In a standard official metho d [53,54], potassium is determined in plant material by first digesting the sample with 60% perchloric acid 70% mlm nitric acid 1 3 v/v followed by extraction of the residue with 2 M hydrochloric acid or by dry combustion at 500 °C followed by extraction with 6 M hydrochloric acid. Potassium in the extracts is determined flame-photometrically. There is no significant interference from other elements. See also Sects. 7.34.1 and 7.34.7. 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS noncombustible solid or liquid exposure to heat or flame will enhance combustibility NFPA rating Health 2, Flammability 1, Reactivity 1 contact with strong oxidizers (such as bromine, chlorine, and fluorine) will result in violent reactions hydrochloric acid fumes and other chlorinated decomposition products may be released in a fire use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog, or foam for firefighting purposes. 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS combustible NFPA rating Health 3, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0 flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame or oxidizers reacts violently with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, allyl chloride, carbon disulfide, chlorosulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, ethylene chlorohydrin, oleum, acrolein, or vinyl acetate heating to decomposition emits carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, toxic oxides of nitrogen, and toxic amine vapors use water spray, dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide for firefighting purposes. 

DISPOSAL AND STORAGE METHODS absorb in dry earth or sand, package in epoxy-lined drums, and dispose of in a sanitary landfill atomize in a high-temperature incinerator, equipped with afterburner or hydrochloric acid scrubber encapsulate product residues by organic polyester resin or silicate fixation store in a cool, dry location storage should be in tightly closed containers separate from oxidizing materials, ammonia, and active metals isolate from open flames and combustibles. 

DISPOSAL AND STORAGE METHODS pour over soda ash, mix and spray with water into large tank neutralize with hydrochloric acid and pass to sewage plant absorb in noncombustible materials such as dry earth, sand or vermiculite bum in incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber store in a eool, dry place storage should be in closed eontainers with adequate ventilation keep away from heat, sparks, and flame separate from acids, alkalies, amines, oxidizers, metal oxides, and combustibles outside storage preferred. 

The need for acid rather than water for silane formation from silicides is one of the reasons why these gases have not found practical application as illuminants. Another reason is that the flaming is accompanied by some explosive action. Chemists, who bum magnesium ribbon on ceramic dishes or heat the powder in glass tubes and subsequently attempt to clean the vessels with hydrochloric acid, experience the crackling noises accompanying the scintillating combustion of the... 

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