Container separation

Figure A3.14.12. The first experimental observation of a Turing pattern in a gel strip reactor. Solutions containing separate components of the CIMA/CDIMA reaction are flowed along each edge of the strip and a spatial pattern along the horizontal axis develops for a range of experimental conditions. (Reprinted with pennission from [38], The American Physical Society.)...

Direct property prediction is a standard technique in drug discovery. "Reverse property prediction can be exemplified with chromatography application databases that contain separations, including method details and assigned chemical structures for each chromatogram. Retrieving compounds present in the database that are similar to the query allows the retrieval of suitable separation conditions for use with the query (method selection). 

Fig. 1. Southern blot analysis of DNA showing (a) step 1, an agarose gel containing separated restriction fragments of DNA, denoted by (—), which is immersed in NaOH to denature the double-stranded stmcture of DNA, and then transferred by capillary flow to a nitrocellulose filter. In step 2, the bound DNA is allowed to hybridize to a labeled nucleic acid probe, and the unbound probe is washed off In step 3, the filter is placed into contact with x-ray film resulting in (b) bands of exposure on the film which are detected after development and correspond to regions where the restriction fragment is...

Fig. 6.2.4 Change in the absorption spectrum of pholasin (14.5 p,M) caused by the luminescence reaction catalyzed by Pholas luciferase (1.1 p.M). The curve shown is the differential spectrum between a cell containing the mixture of pholasin and Pholas luciferase (0.9 ml in the sample light path) and two cells containing separate solutions of pholasin and the luciferase at the same concentrations (in the reference light path), all in 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.5, containing 0.5 M NaCl. Four additions of ascorbate (3 iM) were made to the sample mixture to accelerate the reaction. The spectrum was recorded after 120 min with a correction for the base line. From Henry and Monny, 1977, with permission from the American Chemical Society.

Sorger, P.K. (1990). Yeast heat shock factor contains separable transient and sustained response transcriptional activators. Cell 62,793-805. 

Such differences in the secondary structure behavior with respect to temperature can be explained by suggesting that molecular close packing of proteins in the film is the main parameter responsible for the thermal stability. In fact, as in the case of BR, we have close packing of molecules even in the solution (membrane fragments) there are practically no differences in the CD spectra of BR solution at least tiU 75°C (denaturation takes place only for the sample heated to 90°C). RC in solution begins to be affected even at 50°C and is completely denatured at 75°C, for the solution contains separated molecules. 

Any validation and verification work performed must always be documented in such a way that the results can be checked and the scope of a method is clear. International standards, e.g., ISO 17025, contain separate sections regarding documentation, which should be observed. The NMKL procedure on method validation states that It is of particular importance that the report includes all raw data from the experimental work, or references to where such data can be found . In some circumstances this complete documentation is impractical. Even where it is practical, it is usually impossible to publish these results together with the methods. 

There are at least three types of PKS. Type I PKSs catalyze the biosynthesis of macrolides such as erythromycin and rapamycin. As modular enzymes, they contain separate catalytic modules for each reaction catalyzed sequentially in the polyketide biosynthetic pathway. Type II PKSs have only a few active sites on separate polypeptides, and the active sites are used iteratively, catalyzing the biosynthesis of bacterial aromatic polyketides. Type III are fungal PKSs they are hybrids of type I and type II PKSs [49,50]. 

The partition functions Q contain separate terms for translation, vibration and rotation ... 

Hydrocracking catalyst a catalyst used for hydrocracking which typically contains separate hydrogenation and cracking functions. 

Keep the solution overnight at 0 °C and allow the nicotinic acid crystals to settle down to the bottom of the container. Separate the crystals and dissolve in distilled water, adjust the pH to 4—5 and cool to 0-4 °C. Decant the liquid and dry the crystals in vacuum evaporator or at 50 °C in an oven (90% yield). 

Amphoteric compounds are compounds that may function as either acid or base, depending upon conditions. We have already met this concept in Section 4.5.4, where simple alcohols and amines have two pATa values according to whether the compound loses or gains a proton. Of course, with alcohols and amines, acidity and basicity involve the same functional group. Other amphoteric compounds may contain separate acidic and basic groups. Particularly... 

Since the water movement will be very slow compared with the rate at which the wastes dissolve, we are concerned first and foremost with equilibrium solubility. Also, if only to relate behaviour on the geological time scale to that on the laboratory time scale, we will need to know about the mechanisms and kinetics of dissolution and leaching. The waste forms envisaged at present are glass blocks containing separated fission products and residual actinides fused into the glass and, alternatively, the uranium dioxide matrix of the used fuel containing unseparated fission products and plutonium. In the... 

Data tables produced for the DMC should contain separate summaries by treatment group, with the treatment groups labelled A and B (partially blinded). A separate sealed envelope or a password-protected electronic file should be provided to the members with decodes for A and B to enable the DMC members to be completely unblinded. This may seem an elaborate process, but it protects against inadvertent unblinding. 

ISE technologies are available from multiple vendors. The RIMS library/database contains separate technology summaries for several ISE technologies ... 

A polymerization unit containing separate glass ampoules of purified w-hexylisocya-nate, the initiator, and a reaction terminator, was connected to a vacuum and then sealed. The reaction conditions were — 98°C and 1 x 10-6 torr with a reaction time between 5 and 15 minutes. To set the reaction temperature, liquid nitrogen was added to methanol contained in a constant temperature bath to freeze the methanol and the temperature measured using a low-temperature thermometer. The initiator, sodium-benzyl phenyl ketone, was obtained by reacting sodium metal with an equivalent amount of benzyl phenyl ketone in THF and used immediately. The terminator consisted of hydrochloric acid-methanol mixture solution. Reaction scoping results are provided in Table 1. 

Davis AJ, Ryan KR, Jensen RE (1998) Tim23p contains separate and distinct signals for targeting to mitochondria and insertion into the inner membrane. Mol Biol Cell 9 2577-2593... 

To stop the polymerization reaction, a polymerization inhibitor is added to reaction mixture. Unreacted ethylene gas is evaporated and removed from the solution. Further, unreacted vinyl acetate is extracted from the copolymer solution. Eventually, methanol is recovered by precipitation with a water containing separating and purifying solution. The vinyl acetate and methanol thus recovered may be reused in the copolymerization process. 

Transhydrogenases function in a similar way within bacteria. Whether from E. coli, photosynthetic bacteria, or bovine mitochondria, transhydrogenases have similar structures.285 Two 510-residue a subunits associate with two 462-residue P subunits to form an OC2P2 tetramer with 10-14 predicted transmembrane helices. Tire a subunits contain separate NAD(H) and NADP(H) binding sites. A conformational change appears to be associated with the binding or release of the NADP+ or NADPH 287... 

Polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE, IEF, native PAGE, or Tris-tricine SDS-PAGE) containing separated proteins (see Basic Protocols 1 and 2 see Alternate Protocols 1 to 4)... 

We all know from experience that both sugar (sucrose) and table salt (NaCl) dissolve in water. The solutions that result, though, are quite different. When sucrose, a molecular substance, dissolves in water, the solution that results contains neutral sucrose molecules surrounded by water. When NaCl, an ionic substance, dissolves in water, the solution contains separate Na+ and Cl- ions surrounded by water. Because of the presence of the ions, the NaCl solution conducts electricity, but the sucrose solution does not. 

Schwartz, H. In 1894 patented a mining expl consisting of a two compartment metallic cartridge containing separately compressed ammonia and chlorine. By means of a mechanical device, or a small charge of expl, the partition was broken and the two gases combined with expl violence to form ammonium chloride (Ref I)... 

Fernandez, C., Gregory, W.F., Loke, P. and Maizels, R.M. (2002) Full-length-enriched cDNA libraries from Echinococcus granulosus contain separate populations of oligo-capped and trans-spliced transcripts and a high level of predicted signal peptide sequences. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 122, 171-180. 

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