Hydrocarbons gasoline

Mulroy, PT, L-T Ou (1998) Degradation of tetraethyllead during the degradation of leaded gasoline hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 17 777-782. 

Zein MM, MT Suidan, AD Venosa (2006) Bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with gasoline hydrocarbons and oxygenates using a membrane-based reactor. Environ Sci Technol 40 1997-2003. 

Corapcioglu, M. Y. and Baehr, A. L., 1985, Immiscible Contaminant Transport in Soils and Groundwater with an Emphasis on Gasoline Hydrocarbons System of Differential Equations vs. Single Cell Model Water Science and Technology, Vol. 17, No. 9, pp. 23-37. 

Hoag, G. E., Bruell, C. J., and Marley, M. C., 1984, Study of the Mechanisms Controlling Gasoline Hydrocarbon Partitioning and Transport in Groundwater Systems Institute of Water Resources, University of Connecticut, U.S. Department of the Interior Research Project No. G832-066, 51 pp. 

Marley, M. C. and Hoag, G. E., 1984, Induced Soil Venting for Recovery/Restoration of Gasoline Hydrocarbons in the Vadose Zone In Proceedings of the National Water Well Association and American Petroleum Institute Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Prevention, Detection and Restoration, November, pp. 473-503. 

The technology developer claims that the air strippers can treat volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes. According to the developer, the technology can also treat organic solvents, chlorinated hydrocarbons, fuel/gasoline hydrocarbons, and degreasers. 

For the purposes of the estimation, it was assumed that the system treated water contaminated with 300 ppm benzene, toluene, and gasoline hydrocarbons, at a flow rate of 20 gal/min, using an activated carbon polishing step to an effluent concentration of 5 parts per billion (ppb) (D16385T, p. 1). 

Natural Gasoline Hydrocarbons condensed from natural gas which consist primarily of pentanes and heavier-molecular-weight compounds. 

Nicdich. K Oligorrerizc for Better Gasoline, Hydrocarbon Processing, 45 (February 1992),... 

Headspace analysis, purge and trap analysis and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry have all been employed in determinations of gasoline hydrocarbons in soil, yielding detection limits as low as 5 xg/g [24,25]. 

Bruell, C. J., Segall, B. A., and Walsh, M. T. (1992), Electroosmotic Removal of Gasoline Hydrocarbons and TCE from Clay, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 118(1), 68-83. 

Finally, Chapters 14 and 15 address the remediation of the unsaturated zone. In Chapter 14, researchers from the University of Virginia study the effects of natural atmospheric pressure variations on the flow of air into and out of the unsaturated zone at the Picatinny Arsenal in northern New Jersey. This barometric pumping contributes to the natural remediation of the shallow, trichloroethylene-contaminated groundwater. In the last chapter of the book, Richard Meixner and co-workers present a detailed field study documenting the effectiveness of soil-vapor extraction to remediate gasoline hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone. 

Sato, M., Extract styrene from pyrolysis gasoline . Hydrocarbon Processing, 52 (51 141-144 (1973). Morimoto, H., Tatsumi, M., Tbe Stex process. Extraction of styrene from pyrolysis gasoline Bull, of Japan FePtdeiim IRSL, 16 ( ) 38-42 (1974). 

Gasoline hydrocarbons volatilized to the atmosphere quickly undergo photochemical oxidation. The hydrocarbons are oxidized by reaction with molecular oxygen (which attacks the ring structure of aromatics), ozone (which reacts rapidly with alkenes but slowly with aromatics), and hydroxyl and nitrate radicals (which initiate side-chain oxidation reactions) (Stephens 1973). Alkanes, isoalkanes, and cycloalkanes have half-lives on the order of 1-10 days, whereas alkenes, cycloalkenes, and substituted benzenes have half- lives of less than 1 day (EPA 1979a). Photochemical oxidation products include aldehydes, hydroxy compounds, nitro compounds, and peroxyacyl nitrates (Cupitt 1980 EPA 1979a Stephens 1973). 

After volatilization, biodegradation and photooxidation are the most important removal mechanisms for gasoline hydrocarbons released to surface soils (Air Force 1989). Photooxidation in surface soils is less important than in surface water environments since infiltration of the liquid product into the soil will limit exposure to solar radiation (Bossert and Bartha 1984). 

Brown RH. 1988. Determination of gasoline hydrocarbons in industrial air by two-stages (chromosorb/charcoal) adsorption, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography. IARC Sci Publ 243- 251. 

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