Human soluble insulin

Herz M, Arora V, Sun B, Ferguson SC, Bolli GB, Frier BM. Basal-bolus insulin therapy in Type 1 diabetes comparative study of pre-meal administration of a fixed mixture of insulin lispro (50%) and neutral protamine lispro (50%) with human soluble insulin. Diabet Med 2002 19(ll) 917-23. 

Gale EA. A randomized, controlled trial comparing insulin lispro with human soluble insulin in patients with Type 1 diabetes on intensified insulin therapy. The UK Trial Group. Diabet Med 2000 17(3) 209-14. 

When compared with soluble insulin, the human analogue insulin aspart has a faster onset and a shorter duration of action, resulting in a higher fasting and preprandial blood glucose concentration. The incidence of hypoglycaemia tends to be lower with insulin aspart than with soluble insulin. 

Units/mL human insulin analog suspension containing 70% insulin aspart protamine crystals and 30% soluble insulin... 

NPH Isophane Human Insulin Suspension. NPH isophane insulin, also called Humulin N, Insulatard NPH Human, or Novolin N is an intermediate-acting form of human insulin produced by recombinant DNA techniques. Mixtures Humulin 70/30 and Novolin 70/30 contain 70% NPH isophane and 30% regular, whereas Humulin 50/50 contains 50% NPH isophane and 50% regular. It is administered subcutaneously and should not be given intravenously. Absorption is delayed because the insulin is conjugated with protamine in a complex of reduced isoelectric solubility. Therapeutically, this preparation is probably comparable to purified porcine NPH insulin. However, human NPH insulin may have a slightly shorter duration of action than comparable purified porcine products. 

A 5-year-old child with diabetes, Pierre Robin syndrome, cleft palate, allergic rhinitis, recurrent sinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea, who had previously had skin rashes after penicillin, sulfonamides, and clindamycin, was given soluble and isophane human insulins (131). Three years later she developed local reactions, 2-5 cm areas, 30-120 minutes after injection. Skin-prick tests were negative for the diluent, isophane, and soluble insulin, but intradermal testing was positive with both insulins. Cetirizine and dexamethasone added to the insulin gave temporary relief. She was... 

Soluble Insulin (neutral insulin). The most recent addition to this class of insulin, insulin lispro (Humalog), is a modified human insulin in which the reversing of two amino acids has... 

Soluble and neutral insulin are the same the British National Formulary favours the former term, but neutral is the INN (internationally approved) name, dating back to when there were acid and neutral pH formulations of soluble insulin. Human, porcine and beef are available. 

M. Costello, R. C. Baxter, and C. D. Scott, Regulation of soluble insulin-like growth factor II mannose 6-phosphate receptor in human serum Measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 611 (1999). 

Figure 9.19 Suggested scheme of events after the s.c. administration of soluble human insulin the concentration of hexa-meric zinc-insulin, which is the predominant form of insulin in soluble insulin (40 Unit or 100 Unit - i.e. 0.6 mmol dm ), decreases as diffusion of insulin occurs and os a result the hexamer dissociates into smaller units to achieve monomeric insulin requires a 1000-fold dilution. The importance of the association state is that the larger species have more difficulty dispersing and passing through the capillary membrane.

USA soluble insulin insulin Velosulin BR Human Velosulin, Orgasuline rapide Semisynthetic modification of porcine insulin Diabetes... 

Schrader, E. Pfeiffer, E.F. The influence of motion and temperature upon the aggregational behaviour of soluble insulin formulations investigated by high performance liquid chromatography. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1985, 8, 1139-1157 [GPC SEC reverse-phase pig human]... 

Antidiabetic Drugs other than Insulin. Figure 8 Structure of human amylin and its soluble analogue pramlintide. 

It was discovered nearly 20 years ago that V(V) as vanadate and V(IV) as vanadyl can mimic some of the effects of insulin (stimulate glucose uptake and oxidation and glycogen synthesis) (512, 513). Vanadate is an effective insulin mimetic in the diabetic rat (514), but has proved to be too toxic for human use. Vanadyl, as VOS04, is also unsuitable because high doses are needed on account of its poor oral absorption. Vanadium complexes with organic ligands have proved to be less toxic and can have improved aqueous solubility and lipophil-icity. 

Ab, Antibody BBB, Blood Brain Barrier CNS, Central Nervous System HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus HSA, Human Serum Albumin IGF, Insulin Growth Factor I/R, Ischaemia/Reperfusion MW, Molecular Weight OxLDL, Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein -R, -receptor sCD4, soluble CD4 VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. 

Biphasic insulins are fixed dose combinations of a short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin in various proportions. Examples are Humulin, a biosynthetic human insulin (rDNA origin) suspension with respectively 20%, 30% and 40% regular and 80%, 70% and 60% isophane insulin and Mixtard, a biphasic biosynthetic human insulin suspension with respectively 10%, 20% and 40% soluble and 90%, 80% and 60% isophane insulin. 

Mecfianism of Action A recombinant, soluble, long-acting insulin analog that binds to human albumin and provides slow absorption and a prolonged action. Therapeutic Effect Controls glucose levels in diabetic patients. 

For many years patients with diabetes were treated with insulins that had been isolated from the pancreases of pigs and cows. The primary sequences of these insulins are closely related to the sequence of human insulin. There is only a single difference between the sequences of human and porcine insulins human insulin has a threonine at position B30, and porcine insulin has an alanine. Bovine insulin differs from human insulin at three positions. There is an alanine at the B30 position, an alanine at A8, and a valine at A10. These conservative changes in primary sequence have no apparent effect on biologic activity, although there are slight differences in solubility (7). 

Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting synthetic insulin in which proline is replaced by aspartate at position 28 in the B chain. Insulin aspart has been reviewed (1). Its adverse effects do not differ from those of soluble human insulin and it has a similar effect on the blood glucose concentration (2). 

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