Human insulin analogues

Humalog (Insulin lispro) Recombinant short-acting human insulin analogue produced in E. coli Engineered inversion of native B28-B29 proline-lysine sequence Eli Lilly 1996 (USA and EU)... 

NovoRapid (Insulin Aspart) Recombinant shortacting human insulin analogue produced in S. cerevisiae Engineered B28 proline replaced by aspartic acid Novo Nordisk 1999 (EU)... 

Insulin Aspart is a second fast-acting engineered human insulin analogue now approved for general medical use. It differs from native human insulin in that the proline residue has been replaced by aspartic acid. This single amino acid substitution also decreases the propensity of individual molecules to self-associate, ensuring that they begin to enter the bloodstream from the site of injection immediately upon administration. 

Takata H, Kumon Y, Osaki F, Kumagai C, Arii K, Ikeda Y, Suehiro T, Hashimoto K. The human insulin analogue aspart is not the almighty solution for insulin allergy. Diabetes Care 2003 26(l) 253 t. 

Lepore M, Pampanelli S, Fanelli C, Porcellati F, Bartocci L, Di Vincenzo A, Cordoni C, Costa E, Brunetti P, Bolli GB. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analogue glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes 2000 49(12) 2142-8. 

European Medicines Agency—Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products. Points to Consider on the Need for Assessment of Reproductive Toxicity of Human Insulin Analogues. CPMP/SWP/2600/01 final. London, 1 March 2002. http //www. emea.eu.int/pdfs/human/swp/260001en.pdf... 

The points to consider on the need for assessment of reproduction toxicity of human insulin analogues have been published [6]. 

Levemir human insulin analogue (rDNA origin) Long-acting basal insulin analogue metabolism... 

Recombinant human insulin analogue (lDNA origin)... 

HMR1964 (INN insulin glulisine) is a human insulin analogue for the treatment of Type I and Type II patients with diabetes mellitus. Combinations of insulin preparations that differ both in their time of onset and duration of action are used optimally to control blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. The most commonly used insulin regimens include a long-acting in-... 

Balschmidt, P., and Brange, J., 1992, Fast acting human insulin analogues with a single amino acid deletion in the B-chain, Diabetologia 35(Suppl. l) A4(Abstract). 

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