Human keratinocyte

MMP-28 Epilysin Secreted Discovered in 2001, given its name due to have been discovered in human keratinocytes. Highly expressed in lung, placenta, salivary glands, heart, uterus, skin... 

Type I IFNs form a superfamily of innate cytokines that comprise IFN-a (alpha), with 13 human subtypes, IFN-p (beta), IFN-co (omega), IFN-x (tau), IFN-k (kappa), IFN-e (epsilon), IFN-A, (lambda), and IFN- (zeta) (Pestka et al. 2004). Only IFN-a, IFN-p, IFN-cd, IFN-k, and IFN-e are expressed in humans. All IFN-a subtypes are secreted by leukocytes, whereas IFN-p is also produced by fibroblasts. IFN-x is exclusively expressed in ruminants at a specific stage of pregnancy (Martal et al. 1998), whereas IFN-k is expressed by human keratinocytes (LaFleur et al. 2001). 

Kozlowski A, Charles SA, Harris JM (2001) Development of pegylated interferons for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. BioDrugs 15 419 29 Krown SE, AeppU D, Balfour HH Jr (1999) Phase II, randomized, open-label, community-based trial to compare the safety and activity of combination therapy with recombinant interferon-alpha2b and zidovudine versus zidovudine alone in patients with asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 20 245-254 LaFleur DW, NardeUi B, Tsareva T, Mather D, Feng P, Semenuk M, Taylor K, Buergin M, Chinchilla D, Roshke V, Chen G, Ruben SM, Pitha PM, Coleman TA, Moore PA (2001) Interferon-kappa, a novel type I interferon expressed in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 276 39765-39771... 

De Leo, V.A., Scheide, S., Meshulam, J., Hanson, D. and Cardulla, A. (1988). Ultraviolet radiation alters choline phospholipid metabolism in human keratinocytes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 91, 303-308. 

Punnonen, K., Puntala, A., Jansen, C.T. and Ahotupa, M. (1991a). UVB irradiation induces lipid peroxidation and reduces antioxidant enzyme activities in human keratinocytes in vitro. Acta Dermato-Venereol. 71,... 

Worwood, M. (1990). Ferritin. Blood Rev. 4, 259-269. Yohn, J.J., Duncan, K.O., Loudon, E., Dormish, J., Repine, J.E. and Norris, D.A. (1992). Human keratinocyte catalase synthesis is decreased by simulated sunlight exposure (abstr). J. Invest. Dermatol. 98, 655A. 

Shvedova, A.A., Castranova, V., Kisin, E.R., Schwegler-Berry, D., Murray, A.R., Gandelsman, V.Z., Maynard, A., and Baron, P. (2003) Exposure to carbon nanotube material assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A Current Issues, 66 (20), 1909-1926. 

MWNTs were found to be cytotoxic in human skin fibroblasts (HSF42) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) [42-44], whereas SWNTs were toxic in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures [25, 26, 45]. Reduced cell proliferation and oxidative stress were reported also in epithelial (HeLa) cells [45] and murine epidermal cells (JB6 P + ) [46] upon incubation with SWNTs. 

Witzmann, A.F. and Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. (2006) Multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure alters protein expression in human keratinocytes. Nanomedicine, 2 (3), 158—168. 

In 1986, the antioxidant effects of thioredoxin reductase were studied by Schallreuter et al. [81]. It has been shown that thioredoxin reductase was contained in the plasma membrane surface of human keratinocytes where it provided skin protection against free radical mediated damage. Later on, the reductive activity of Trx/thioredoxin reductase system has been shown for the reduction of ascorbyl radical to ascorbate [82], the redox regulation of NFkB factor [83], and in the regulation of nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase activities [84,85],... 

Van Och, F.M. et al., Assessment of potency of allergenic activity of low molecular weight compounds based on IL-1 alpha and IL-18 production by a murine and human keratinocyte cell line, Toxicology, 210, 95, 2005. 

Jaksic, A. et al., Cis-urocanic acid synergizes with histamine for increased PGE2 production by human keratinocytes Link to indomethacin-inhibitable UVB-induced immunosuppression, Photochem. Photobiol. 61, 303-309, 1995. 

Schauer, E. et al., Proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides are synthesized and released by human keratinocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 93, 2258-2262,1994. 

Burleson, F. G. et al., Dermatotoxic chemical stimulate of c-jun and c-fos transcription and AP-1 DNA binding in human keratinocytes, Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol.,... 

Pi, J. et al., Low level, long-term inorganic arsenite exposure causes generalized resistance to apoptosis in cultured human keratinocytes Potential role in skin co-carcinogenesis, Int. J. Cancer, 116, 20, 2005. 

Liao, W. T. et al., Arsenic induces human keratinocyte apoptosis by the FAS/FAS ligand pathway, which correlates with alterations in nuclear factor-kappa B and activator protein-1 activity, J. Invest. Dermatol, 122,125, 2004. 

Tanaka-Kagawa, T. et al., Arsenite and arsenate activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 by an epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated pathway in normal human keratinocytes, Br. J. Dermatol., 149, 1116, 2003. 

Albanesi, C., Cavani, A., and Girolomoni, G., IL-17 is produced by nickel-specific T lymphocytes and regulates ICAM-1 expression and chemokine production in human keratinocytes synergistic or antagonistic effects with IFN-y and TNF-a. J. Immunol. 162, 494-502, 1999. 

AARHUS/GHENT- Human keratinocyte 2D gel protein database from Aarhus and... 

Manna SK, Sarkar S, Barr J, Wise K, Barrera EV, Jejelowo O, Rice-Ficht AC, Ramesh GT (2005) Single-walled carbon nanotube induces oxidative stress and activates nuclear transcription factor-kappa B in human keratinocytes. Nano Lett. 5 1676-1684. 

Shvedova AA, Castranova V, Kisin ER, Schwegler-Berry D, Murray AR, Gandelsman VZ, Maynard A, Baron P (2003) Exposure to carbon nanotube material Assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J. Toxicol. Environ. Flealth A 66 1909-1926. 

Fumelli C, Marconi A, Salvioli S, Straface E, Malomi W, Offidani AM, Pellicciari R, Schettini G, Giannetti A, Monti D, Franceschi C, Pincelli C (2000) Carboxyfullerenes protect human keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 115 835-841. 

Li R, Bounds DJ, Granville D, Ip SH, Jiang H, Margaron P, Hunt DW (2003) Rapid induction of apoptosis in human keratinocytes with the photosensitizer QLT0074 via a direct mitochondrial action. Apoptosis 8 269-275. 

Scrivens WA, Tour JM, Creek KE, Pirisi L (1994) Synthesis of C-14-labeled C-60, its suspension in water, and its uptake by human keratinocytes. J Am Chem Soc 116 4517 1518. 

Monteiro-Riviere NA, Inman AO, Wang YY, Nemanich RJ (2005a) Surfactant effects on carbon nanotube interactions with human keratinocytes. Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 1 293-299. 

Steinberg, M. L., and V. Defendi. 1983. Transformation and immortalization of human keratinocytes by SV40. J Invest Dermatol 81(1 Suppl) 131s-6s. 

Boukamp, P., R. T. Petrussevska, D. Breitkreutz, J. Homung, A. Markham, and N. E. Fusenig. 1988. Normal keratinization in a spontaneously immortalized aneuploid human keratinocyte cell line. J Cell Biol 106(3) 761-71. 

Rice, R. H., K. E. Steinmann, L. A. deGraffenried, Q. Qin, N. Taylor, and R. Schlegel. 1993. Elevation of cell cycle control proteins during spontaneous immortalization of human keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell 4(2) 185-94. 

Chen, B.L., T. Arakawa, C.F. Morris, W.C. Kenney, C.M. Wells, and C.G. Pitt. 1994. Aggregation pathway of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor and its stabilization. Pharm Res 11 1581-1587. 

Several cell lines were used to inveshgate the role of PS oxidahon in apoptosis. Preferenhal oxidahon of PS was observed in human leukemia HL-60 cells (Fabisiak et al, 1998, 2000 Kawai et al, 2000), and normal human keratinocytes (Shvedova et al, 2001). Similarly, in pheochromocytoma PC 12 cells exposed to a radical-generating anhneoplashc dmg, neocarzinostatin, extemalizahon of PS was potentiated by its selechve oxidation in whole cells (Schor et al, 1999). In contrast, this selechve PS oxidahon did not occur in liposomes prepared from mixtures of PnA-labeled phospholipids extracted from the ceUs and exposed to oxidants imder the same conditions (Fabisiak et al, 1998 Kagan et al, 2000 Shvedova et al,... 

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