Materials carbon nanotubes

As further research on fullerenes and carbon nanotubes materials is carried out, it is expected, because of the extreme properties exhibited by these carbon-based materials, that other interesting physics and chemistry will be discovered, and that promising applications will be found for fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and related materials. 

Shvedova, A.A., Castranova, V., Kisin, E.R., Schwegler-Berry, D., Murray, A.R., Gandelsman, V.Z., Maynard, A., and Baron, P. (2003) Exposure to carbon nanotube material assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A Current Issues, 66 (20), 1909-1926. 

Maynard, A.D. et al. (2004) Exposure to carbon nanotube material aerosol release during the handling of unrefined single-walled carbon nanotube material. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, 67 (1), 87-107. 

Shvedova AA, Castranova V, Kisin ER, Schwegler-Berry D, Murray AR, Gandelsman VZ, Maynard A, Baron P (2003) Exposure to carbon nanotube material Assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J. Toxicol. Environ. Flealth A 66 1909-1926. 

Ning, J., Zhang, J., Pan, Y. and Guo, J., Fabrication and mechanical properties of Si02 matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotube , Materials Science and Engineering, A Structural Materials Properties, Microstructure and Processing, 2003, A357, 392-396. 

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), first observed in 1996, constitute a unique family of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). -2 DWNTs occupy a position between the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), as they consist of two concentric cylinders of rolled graphene. DWNTs possess useful electrical and mechanical properties with potential applications. Thus, DWNTs and SWNTs have similar threshold voltages in field electron emission, but the DWNTs exhibit longer lifetimes.3 Unlike SWNTs, which get modified structurally and electronically upon functionalization, chemical functionalization of DWNTs surfaces would lead to novel carbon nanotube materials where the inner tubes are intact. The stability of DWNTs is controlled by the spacing of the inner and outer layers but not by the chirality of the tubes 4 therefore, one obtains a mixture of DWNTs with varying diameters and chirality indices of the inner and outer tubes. DWNTs have been prepared by several techniques, such as arc discharge5 and chemical vapor depo-... 

Dillon, A.C., Gilbert, K.E.H., AUeman, J.L., et al. (2001). Carbon nanotube materials for hydrogen storage. Proceedings of the 2001 DOE Hydrogen Program Review, NREL/CP-570-30535. 

Removal of Impurities from Carbon Nanotube Materials... 

DILLON, A.C., JONES, K.M., HEBEN, M.J., Carbon Nanotube Materials for Hydrogen Storage, 1996 US-DOE Hydrogen Program Review (Conf., Miami, 1996), Proc. Vol 2, US-Department of Energy (1996) 747-763. 

Volkov, A., Shiga, T., Nicholson, D., Shiomi, J., Zhigilei, L. Effect of bending budding of carbon nanotubes on thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube materials. J. Appl. Phys. Ill, 053,501 (2012). doi 10.1063/1.3687943... 

Y. Ando, X. Zhao, T. Sugai, and M. Kumar, Growing carbon nanotubes. Materials Today, oct, 22-29 (2004]. 

Metal matrix nanocomposites are those having metal as the continuous phase or matrix and other nanoparticles like carbon nanotube as the reinforced materials. These types of composites can be classified as continuous and noncontinuous. One of the more important nanocomposites is Carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composite, which is an emerging new material with the high tensile strength and electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube materials. In addition to carbon nanotube metal matrix composites, boron nitride reinforced metal matrix composites and carbon nitride metal matrix composites are the new research areas on metal matrix nanocomposites [9,10]. 

Seo, M. K., Lee, J. R., and Park, S. J. 2005. Crystallization kinetics and interfacial behaviors of pol5q)ropylene composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Materials Science and Engineering A 404 79-84. 

Fernandes FM, Ruiz-Hitzky E (2014) Assembling nanotubes and nanofihies eooperativtaiess in sepiolite-carbon nanotube materials. Carbon 72 296-303... 

Analysis of fullerenes for impurities, especially residual hydrogen has been an important component in the study of the structure and properties of these materials. Revay et al. (2006) determined the amounts of carbon and impurity elements (hydrogen, boron, and nitrogen) in Cgo and C70 fiiUerenes. In a similar vein, recent work by Paul et al. (2009) involved characterization of carbon nanotube materials to determine levels of residual catalyst metals and hydrogen impurities present in commercially available materials. Other recent applications of advanced materials include the study of proton uptake in un-doped and yttrium-doped BaPrOs and compared with that in Gd-doped BaCe03 (Jones et al. 2005). 

BET analysis showed that the specific surface area of the initial carbon nanotube material was 26 m /g, while it was 47 m /g subsequent to the ODH reaction. This increase in the specific surface area has to be related to the HRTEM observation of an altered surface layer of the nanotubes. Therefore it is proposed that the observed increase of the... 

Yan, D. Yang, G. (2009). A novel approach of in situ grafting polyamide 6 to the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Materials Letters, 63, 298-300. 

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