Free radicals protection against

Floyd, R.A. (1997). Protective action of nitrone-based free radical traps against oxidative damage to the central nervous system. Adv. Pharmacol. 38 361-78. 

Susa et al. (305, 306) used cotreatment of cells with Cr(VI) and an antioxidant (such as melatonin or desferoxamin) to demonstrate a protective effect of these substances (thought to act as free radical scavengers) against Cr(Vl) induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in rat hepatocytes. Apparently, extracellular reduction of Cr(VI) was not the primary cause of the protective effect of these substances, as Cr uptake by cells was not affected (305, 306). 

Dote S, Bastianetto S, Kar S, Quirion R. Protective and rescuing abilities of IGF-I and some putative free radical scavengers against beta-amyloid-inducing toxicity in neurons. Ann NY Acad Sci 1999 890 356-364. 

The effects of the topically applied vitamin E acetate are very well documented in published studies increased moisturization of the homy layer improvement in skin surface relief evident anti-inflammatory properties increased epithelization of surface wounds improved enzyme activity in the skin prevention of skin damage induced by free radicals protection of properties against sunburn. Vitamin E acetate can increase the natural protection of the skin against UV radiation reduce the amount of the UV damaged cells and protect against damage by reactive oxygen radicals. 

Acrolein produced in the United States is stabilized against free-radical polymerization by 1000—2500 ppm of hydroquinone and is protected somewhat against base-catalyzed polymerization by about 100 ppm of acetic acid. To ensure stabiUty, the pH of a 10% v/v solution of acrolein in water should be below 6. 

Propyl gallate is an antioxidant. It protects against oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals in a catalytic manner similar to superoxide dismutase. 

Hydroperoxidases protect the body against harmful peroxides. Accumulation of peroxides can lead to generation of free radicals, which in turn can dismpt membranes and perhaps cause cancer and atherosclerosis. (See Chapters 14 and 45.)... 

Oxidoreductases have a variety of functions in metabolism oxidases and dehydrogenases play major roles in respiration hydroperoxidases protect the body against damage by free radicals and oxygenases mediate the hydroxylation of drugs and steroids. 

One type of fatty liver that has been smdied extensively in rats is due to a deficiency of choline, which has therefore been called a lipotropic factor. The antibiotic puromycin, ethionine (a-amino-y-mercaptobu-tyric acid), carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, phosphorus, lead, and arsenic all cause fatty liver and a marked reduction in concentration of VLDL in rats. Choline will not protect the organism against these agents but appears to aid in recovery. The action of carbon tetrachloride probably involves formation of free radicals... 

Vitamin E (tocopherol) is the most important antioxidant in the body, acting in the lipid phase of membranes and protecting against the effects of free radicals. Vitamin K functions as cofactor to a carboxylase that acts on glutamate residues of clotting factor precursor proteins to enable them to chelate calcium. 

LEE Y-s, CHEN X and ANDERSON J B (2001) Physiological concentrations of genistein stimulate the proliferation and protect against free radical-induced oxidative damage of MC3T3-E1 osteobast-like Nutr Res 21, 1287-98. 

As a species that has evolved in such an aggressive environment we have developed mechanisms that both defend against oxidative damage and can undertake damage repair. Free radical generation in vivo has even been adopted as a mechanism to protect against physical, chemical and biological injury. 

The protective effects of carotenoids against chronic diseases appear to be correlated to their antioxidant capacities. Indeed, oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation are at the basis of oxidative processes occurring in cardiovascular incidents, cancers, and ocular diseases. Carotenoids are then able to scavenge free radicals such as singlet molecular oxygen ( O2) and peroxyl radicals particularly, and protect cellular systems from oxidation. 

Convincing evidence indicates that ROS generated both endogenously and also in response to diet and lifestyle factors may play a significant role in the etiology of atherosclerosis and CHD. Indeed, free radicals are responsible for LDL oxidation, which is involved in the initiation and promotion of atherosclerosis. Thus, protection from LDL oxidation by antioxidants such as carotenoids may lead to protection against human CHD. 

Ascorbate has multiple antioxidant capacities and may be the most important water-soluble defence against free-radical damage in human plasma. At millimolar concentrations, ascorbate scavenges O2, OH and HOCl (Blake et al., 1983). The latter reaction protects plasma lipids against degradation by activated PMNs. 

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