High-resolution capillary gas chromatography

Because of its high toxicity, there is concern about very low levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in biota. This raises analytical problems, and high resolution capillary gas chromatography (GC) is needed to obtain reliable isomer-specific analyses at low concentrations. In the analysis of herring gull eggs collected from the Great Lakes, Hebert et al. (1994)... 

The advent of high-resolution capillary gas chromatography (HR-CGC) with on-column injection has resulted in improved GC analysis of polymer additives [92-94]. The solution of the additive mixture is injected directly into the cold end of the capillary column by means of a cold injector. Thus, sample discrimination, the instantaneous evaporation of the sample solvent, is avoided. The nonvaporising, on-column injection combined with very high resolution of the capillary columns allows accurate separation, identification and quantification of additives of complex mixtures. With the solvent venting technique, the sample is introduced into the column without splitting and sample concentrations... 

Onuska FI, Comba ME, Coburn JA. 1980. Quantitative determination of mirex and its degradation products by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 52(14) 2272- 2275. 

Ramdahl, T., J. A. Sweetman, B. Zielinska, R. Atkinson, A. M. Winer, and J. N. Pitts, Jr., Analysis of Mononitro Isomers of Fluoranthene and Pyrene by High Resolution Capillary Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, J. High Resolut. Chro-matogr. Chromatogr. Commun., 8, 849-852 (1985). 

Recent research has shown that the pheromone mediated behavior of lepidopterous insects is very complex. The chemical components of the pheromones are usually simple molecules, but complex mixtures involving permutations of geometry, functionality, and chain length are often required to elicit the complicated behavioral repertoire that eventually culminates in mating. To elucidate the chemical and behavioral aspects of this communications system, we have used a combination of methods including collection of the volatiles emitted by the female, analysis by high resolution capillary gas chromatography (GC), and the sequential and temporal analysis of the male s behavioral response to the pheromone blend and components thereof. New liquid phases and state of the art techniques have been developed for capillary GC to separate all the components of a pheromone blend. With these methods the chemical communication systems of Heliothis virescens (F.) and H. subflexa (Gn.) have been analyzed and certain aspects have been elucidated. 

Also the derivatization produced electron capturing impurities which occasionally interfered with the tetradecenal peak. Our present method of analysis involves quantitation of TDAL using a capillary column GC/MS technique. The GC/Mass Spectrometer (Finnigan 4021) is used in the multiple ion detection (MID) mode under computer control. Specific ions in both the internal standard (decylbenzene) and the pheromone are recorded. The combination of high resolution capillary gas chromatography and the specificity of the mass spectrometer in the MID mode, makes this technique superior to the oxime method, albeit, a little less sensitive. (EC v-lOO peg MID 500 peg)... 

By using high resolution capillary gas chromatography, the scope of use of these reagents, which were initially introduced for NMR-analysis (5J and for GC separation of secondary alcohols (6), was enlarged considerably (7,j3). The application of these methods to the analysis of optically active compounds formed during microbiological processes and to the determination of the enantiomeric composition of chiral aroma constituents in some tropical fruits is described in this paper. 

David, F. Gere, D.R. Scanlan, F. Sandra, P. Instmmen-tation and applications of fast high-resolution capillary gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr., A 1999, 842, 309-319. 

The PCDD and PCDF were determined by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Each isomer was identified and confirmed, using at least two columns with different stationary phases and polarity, by comparing the relative retention times of the peaks in the calibration and sample chromatograms. The final quantification was made using relative peak height or peak area. The GC and MS conditions used by each laboratory are summarised elsewhere [18,19]. 

Matisova, E., Kakalikova, L., Lesko, J., and de Zeeuw, J. (1996). Application of porous carbon for solid-phase extraction of dicarboxyimide fungicide residues from wines in combination with high-resolution capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 754, 445-454. 

Berset, J. D. and Etter-Holzer, R., Determination of phthalates in crude extracts of sewage sludges by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, J. AOAC Int., 84, 383-391, 2001. 

Organochlorine pesticides (OCs) were used widely in agriculture during the first half of the twentieth century in the United States and were subsequently banned from use during the 1970s. Unfortunately, some of the OCs are still in widespread use around the world. Their persistence in the environment was not apparent until Lovelock introduced the electron-capture detector (LCD) in 1960 (1). When combined with high-resolution capillary gas chromatography and appropriate sample preparation methods, the ECD provides the analytical chemist with the most sensitive means by which to... 

Marriott P, Ong R, Shellie R, et al. (2003) Ultra-high resolution capillary gas chromatography by using cryogenic modulation. Australian Journal of Chemistry 56 187-191. 

Neumann, H. Gloger, M. Profiling of illicit heroin samples by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography for forensic application. Chromatographia 1982,16, 261-264. 

It has been over 40 years since infrared spectroscopy was first applied to GC by identifying trapped effluents taken directly from the column. With the advances of FTIR spectrometers and computer techniques, these modern FTIR spectrometers and data systems provide rapid scanning, increased sensitivity, and endless disk space for data storage. All of these characteristics are necessary to merge FTIR with today s sensitive high-resolution capillary gas chromatography. Therefore, the reliability of qualitative analysis of GC/FTIR is greatly enhanced. 

The application of adsorbents in combination with high resolution capillary gas chromatography has several advantages over gas-liquid chromatography (see also Chapter ). 

To understand the mechanisms of distribution, transport, degradation and possible detrimental effects of organic compounds in the marine environment, access to accurate analytical data on well defined compounds is essential. In this chapter attention will thus be focused on the application of high-resolution capillary gas chromatography. 

ETA electrothermal analyzer, emanation thermal HRCGC high-resolution capillary gas chromatography... 

Gu et al prepared a capillary column coated with the MIL-101 and achieved a baseline separation of /7-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and EB, as shown in Figure 9. The excellent selectivity originated from the host-guest interactions, UMCs, and suitable polarity of the MIL-101. Their results indicated that the MIL-101 is very promising for high-resolution capillary gas chromatography. 

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