Behavioral repertoire

Plate 7. A snapshot of Brian Silverman s Brain CA [sil87]. Brain has three states 0, 1, and 2. If a site is in state 1, it enters state 2. If a site is in state 2, it enters state 0. If a site is in state 0, it counts how many of its eight neeirest neighbors ru e on. If exactly two of them are on, the site turns on. When viewed in real-time on a computer screen, Brain displays a very rich behavioral repertoire. 

Stahlbaum C.C. and Houpt K.A. (1989). The role of the flehmen response in the behavioral repertoire of the stallion. Physiol Behav 45, 1207-1214. 

Rodent models have been used successfully to study generalized anxiety, but, unfortunately, their applicability to the study of panic attacks is doubtful [File 1995]. In contrast, nonhuman primate models of both anxiety and panic have been developed in our own group and in other laboratories. These models, which typically involve the administration of a challenge agent to a singly caged animal, have been successful because fear and anxiety occur spontaneously in the primate, typically in response to social or environmental threat, and because monkeys exhibit much the same behavioral repertoire in their natural environment and in captivity [Higley and Suomi 1989 Kalin and Shelton 1989 Sapolsky 1990 Suomi 1982]. 

Each person has a number of relatively permanent identifications, well-defined experiential and behavioral repertoires that he thinks of as himself. His role in society gives him several of these he may be a salesman in one situation, a father in another, a lover in another, a patient in another, an outraged citizen in another, often these various roles demand behaviors and values that are contradictory, but because he identifies strongly with each role at the time he assumes it, he does not think of this other roles, and experiences little conscious conflict. For example, a concentration camp guard who brutalizes his prisoners all day may be known as a loving and doting father at home. This ability to compartmentalize roles is one of the greatest human dilemmas. 

In order to test whether some substance affects neurobehavioral development, it is necessary to choose tests which in principle cover the whole behavioral repertoire of the animal at different stages of development. Tests should be performed of reflex- or neuromotor development, sensory functioning, activity, emotionality, exploration, motivation and attention, as well as learning (appetitive and aversive learning in simple and complex... 

The organismal division of labor that resulted from the development of multicellularity brought about behavioral repertoires that, by the standards of single-celled life forms, can be considered complex. The study of the organismal, cellular, and molecular ways in which environmentally encountered chemical signals influence behaviors associated with feeding, development, and social interactions has made important contributions to our understanding of chemoreception. 

Olfactory-induced behavior of many insects is known to vary as a function of age, experience and/or environmental conditions. Investment in different behavioral repertoires can often be directly correlated to different adaptive patterns older, unmated individuals become more prone to react to a sex-pheromone stimulus, mated females become more motivated to respond to odors emanating from a suitable oviposition site and a hungry insect will more readily respond to food associated odours. 

Recent research has shown that the pheromone mediated behavior of lepidopterous insects is very complex. The chemical components of the pheromones are usually simple molecules, but complex mixtures involving permutations of geometry, functionality, and chain length are often required to elicit the complicated behavioral repertoire that eventually culminates in mating. To elucidate the chemical and behavioral aspects of this communications system, we have used a combination of methods including collection of the volatiles emitted by the female, analysis by high resolution capillary gas chromatography (GC), and the sequential and temporal analysis of the male s behavioral response to the pheromone blend and components thereof. New liquid phases and state of the art techniques have been developed for capillary GC to separate all the components of a pheromone blend. With these methods the chemical communication systems of Heliothis virescens (F.) and H. subflexa (Gn.) have been analyzed and certain aspects have been elucidated. 

Changizi, M. A. (2003). Relationship between number of muscles, behavioral repertoire, size, and encephalization in mammals. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 220, 157-68,... 

Morin JQ Harrington A, Nealson K, Krieger N, Baldwin TO, Hastings JW. Light for all reasons Versatility in behavioral repertoire of flashlight fish. Science 1970 190 74-5. 

Similar behaviors are also seen in adult rats [104] and in monkeys [ 103,104], indicating remarkable interspecies consistency in response. Lastly, a modified version of the Tasker scale was used by Doucette et al. [116] to construct dose-response curves for domoic acid and kainic acid in neonatal rats, which also display progressive dose-related toxicity but have a much more restricted behavioral repertoire [116,117],... 

Mission and activity models describe in a hierarchic structure the goals and the available recovery activities from missions-not-as-planned that make up the human operators high-level behavioral repertoire in the mission. The next level of decomposition of the action of the mission is a set of high-level procedures (that can be stored as a fairly generic set of routines, e.g., look at or fixate). Finally, there are the specific activities in active action packets RAPS, which are the process by which the human operator affects the simulation. 

The most critical step in pheromone analysis is development of a specific, reliable, and biologically-relevant bioassay which can be used to analyze both whole body odor and putative pheromonal component(s) for pheromonal activity. Although this step may be relatively facile for species which exhibit straightforward and strong responses to conspecific odor, it is likely to be challenging for species which use odors to mediate relatively complex (subtle) behavioral repertoires in conjunction with other sensory cues. Of course, it is also particularly difficult to develop a behavioral assay for a species about which little is known other than what hormonal products its olfactory system happens to detect—a common scenario at present because of our reliance on electro-olfactogram recording (EOG see below). 

While many new examples of resource-partitioning stimuli in insects will undoubtedly be uncovered through laboratory investigations, we believe that analysis of the foraging behavior patterns of individuals in space and time in diverse semi-natural or natural (non-agricultural) habitats will prove more productive. Too often, the laboratory test arena is not conducive to the full expression of a behavioral repertoire as exhibited in a more natural situation where the entire constellation of relevant resource and background stimuli may be simultaneously interacting. 

We don t have to submit passively to the dictates of our personalities. We just need to expand our behavioral repertoire,... 

The very same personality attributes that represent our strengths can also become the source of our problems (Table 4-2). Armed with insight into our personalities and their relationship to our behavioral tendencies and effects on others, we don t have to submit passively to the dictates of personality. We just need to be willing to expand our behavioral repertoire. Knowing your Big Five profile will give you insight into the kind of leader you tend to be and where you need to compensate behaviorally to be more effective. 

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