Heavy-duty diesel vehicles

M. Gautam, D. H. Ferguson, G. R. Neuroth, and K. D. Stevens, Characterization of Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions, Atmos. Environ., 28, 731-743 (1994). 

Lowenthal DH, Zielinska B, Chow JC, et al. 1994. Characterization of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions. Atmos Environ 28(4) 731-743. 

Westerholm R, Li H. 1994. A multivariant statistical analysis of fuel-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles. Environ Sci Technol 28(5) 965- 972. 

Specific Heavy Duty (Diesel) Vehicle Engine Tests... 

Table 17.3 Some specific heavy duty (diesel) vehicle engine test objectives ...

Lambert C, Hammerle R, McGill R, Khair M, Sharp C (2004a) Technical Advantages of Urea SCR for Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Applications. SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1292... 

Proposed legislation controlling exhaust emissions from heavy duty diesel vehicles will require significant reductions in the levels of harmful gases and particulates escaping to the environment. The allowed limits will decrease in some cases by an order of magnitude over the next five to eight years. A number of different... 

The extent to which crankcase lubricants can reduce fuel consumption in heavy duty diesel vehicles is dependent on many factors, but previous estimates suggest that 3.5% might be achievable relative to the consumption recorded when a conventionally formulated 15W40 HDD oil is used. 

Owing to its properties, methanol is not recommended for aircraft or marine fuel uses. Methanol caimot be used in conventional diesel-powered vehicles without modifications to the fuel system and engine. Simple methanol—diesel blends are not possible because of insolubiUty. Heavy-duty diesel engines have been adapted to use neat methanol by many U.S. manufacturers, and several are being used in field demonstrations (82) (see Alcohol fuels). 

Emission control from heavy duty diesel engines in vehicles and stationary sources involves the use of ammonium to selectively reduce N O, from the exhaust gas. This NO removal system is called selective catalytic reduction by ammonium (NH3-SGR) and it is additionally used for the catalytic oxidation of GO and HGs.The ammonia primarily reacts in the SGR catalytic converter with NO2 to form nitrogen and water. Excess ammonia is converted to nitrogen and water on reaction with residual oxygen. As ammonia is a toxic substance, the actual reducing agent used in motor vehicle applications is urea. Urea is manufactured commercially and is both ground water compatible and chemically stable under ambient conditions [46]. 

Construction vehicles, heavy duty diesel engine oils for, 15 233-235 Consultants, for market or marketing research studies, 15 631, 633 Consultative Committee on Thermometry (CIPM), 24 436... 

Concerning the application of the urea SCR technology to the abatement of NO emissions from vehicles, although the first commercialization for heavy-duty diesel... 

Initially, major attention was focused on emissions of diesel soot from light- and heavy-duty motor vehicles, because the particle extracts contained such direct-acting bacterial mutagens and animal and possible human carcinogens (IARC Group 2B, 1989) as 1-nitropyrene (1-N02-PY) and the 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrenes (DNP), as well as a third isomer, 1,3-dinitropyrene, IARC Group III. For example, Paputa-Peck and coworkers (Paputa-Peck et al., 1983 IARC, 1989) reported 100 nitro-PAHs (17 positively identified) in... 

Very few heavy-duty propane vehicles have been developed and put into use therefore, a database of knowledge about their performance characteristics does not exist. However, their characteristics should be similar to the relative differences between natural gas heavy-duty vehicles and their diesel engine counterparts. If this supposition holds true, heavy-duty propane vehicles should have similar or better power, the same or better driveability, and better cold-start performance compared to the same vehicle with a diesel engine. (Unlike light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty propane vehicles should have better cold-start performance compared to diesel engines because of the many cold-start challenges diesel engines face.)... 

Murtonen T, Aakko-Saksa P, Kuronen M, Mikkonen S, Lehtoranta K (2010) Emissions with heavy-duty diesel engines and vehicles using FAME, HVO and GTL fuels with and without DOC + POC aftertreatment. SAE Int J Fuels Lubr 2(2) 147-166... 

Heavy-duty diesel engine lubricants are sufficiently different from the lubricants for gasoline and diesel light vehicles that they justify a separate section. The issues to be addressed here are ... 

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