Cracking distillation

Since the equilibrium lies to the left at higher temperatures, cyclopentadiene can be obtained by thermolytic cleavage of the dimer and distilling the monomer prior to use (cracking distillation). 

Distillates (petroleum), hydrodesulphurized intermediate catalytic cracked Distillates (petroleum), hydrodesulphurized heavy catalytic cracked... 

UOP offers a family of technologies to conform the MQD Unionfining. It can be applied in a single reactor or in a two reactor systems, in different arrangements to process VGO, as well as SR distillates and cracked distillates. More than one reactor combined-systems also incorporate inter-reactor stripping (Fig. 13). 

Naphtha is produced by any one of several methods, which include (1) fractionation of straight-run, cracked, and refonning distillates, or even fractionation of crude petroleum (2) solvent extraction (3) hydrogenation of cracked distillates (4) polymerization of unsaturated compounds (olefins) and... 

The distillate manufacturing processes of diesel fuel oils, such as fuel oil 1-D and fuel oil 2-D, are similar to those of fuel oil no. 1 and fuel oil no. 2, respectively (lARC 1989). Fuel oil no. 1-D is manufactured from a straight-run distillate process. Diesel fuel oil (1-D, 2-D) is defined as the fraction of petroleum that distills after kerosene (Air Force 1989). Fuel oil no. 2-D is also made from mixing of straight-run and catalytically cracked distillates (LARC 1989). 

Today s diesel fuel grades are blends which may contain straight-run distillate, cycle oil, various gas oils, and heavy cracked distillates. Kerosene or jet fuel may be blended into the diesel to improve the low-temperature viscosity and handling characteristics of the fuel. 

Little information is available concerning the composition of phenols from distillates of petroleum, though in certain instances they may be present in the acid mixtures in fairly high concentrations. However, phenol, Various alkyl phenols, and cresols have been separated from cracked distillates. 

Ignition-Quality Improvers. Diesel fuels have found greatly increased use in recent years—so much so that refiners have had to look to cracked distillates from catalytic cracking operations for their extra Diesel fuels. While these cracked distillates have the advantages of relatively high heat content and low pour point, they are inferior in ignition quality (cetane number) to straight-run distillates from the same crudes. 

Distillation is not a desulfurization process insofar as the sulfur in the feedstock is not completely (if at all) eliminated. Maximum permissible temperatures to which the feedstock is heated are on the order of 350°C (660°F) that minimizes the tendency for thermal decomposition of the components of the feedstock to occur. Cracking distillation, in which the feedstock is deliberately heated to temperatures in excess of 350°C (660°F) is the exception. Sulfur will (in most cases) be eliminated as hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) through the agency of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen transfer. 

High temperature deep flashing and vacuum flashing of thermally cracked distillate also contributes to increasing the percentage of the crude, which can be routed to the FCC unit. 

Effect Catalyst Pore Size on Asphaltene Cracking, Distillate Yield and Sediments Formation. 

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