Headache typhoid fever

Field First Aid Brucella is typically an acute, non-specific feverish illness with chills, sweats, headache, fatigue, myalgias, artthralgias, and anorexia (loss of appetite). Cough occurs in 15 to 25 percent of cases but a chest X-ray is usually normal. Complications may include arthritis, sacroiliitis, and vertebral osteomyelitis. Untreated disease may persist for month to years, often with relapses and remissions. Disability may be pronounced, and lethality may approach six percent. Brucellosis may be indistinguishable clinically from the typhoidal form of tularemia (see Guide For Emergency Response for Tularemia) or from typhoid fever itself. 

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhii bacilli. The condition has an incubation period of about 5-23 days. Classic symptoms of typhoid fever include headache, abdominal pain with constipation or diarrhoea. Rose-coloured spots and macular rashes on the abdomen are characteristic of typhoid fever. 

The onset of symptoms of Salmonella gastroenteritis is usually 6-72 h. Acute symptoms may last for 1-2 days or may be prolonged depending on host factors, ingested dose, and strain. Arthritic symptoms may occur 3 weeks after onset of acute symptoms. Symptoms are more severe in the elderly, infants, and immunocompromised individuals. S. typhi and S. paratyphi A, B, and C produce typhoid and typhoid-like symptoms in humans. Enteric fever (typhoid fever) may develop other symptoms include anorexia, abdominal pain, malaise, myalgias, headache, cough, diarrhea or constipation, and... 

Typhoid fever is an illness caused by infection with Salmonella typhi. Typhoid is spread via the fecal-oral route. Clinical illness in its severe form is characterized by gradually rising fever that reaches 39 to 41°C (102.2 to 105.8°F) and persists for up to 2 weeks. Headaches, abdominal discomfort, malaise, myalgia, and anorexia usually are present. Older children and adults usually have constipation, whereas diarrhea is common in infants. Complications include intestinal perforation and hemorrhage. Between 2% and 5% of patients become chronic gallbladder carriers of S. typhi. 

Systemic and local immune responses, humoral and cellular, are mounted by the host but these are not associated with host protection. Necrosis of Peyer s patches, which may lead to intestinal perforation, is attributed to interaction of bacterial factors and host immune response. It is also interest that in typhoid fever there is no strong association with HIV infection, whereas in HIV infection there is an increased incidence of non-typhi Salmonella infection. Headache, pharyngitis and arthralgia may be present. Gastrointestinal symptoms are usually constipation, abdominal pain and tenderness. Other symptoms which may occur are diarrhea, the pea soup type containing inflammatory mononuclear cells. The biliary tree and liver is involved presenting cholecystitis and hepatitis. Splenomegaly may develop. 

Salmonella paratyphi is a bacterial enteric (intestinal) infection with an abrupt outbreak, which produces the following symptoms continued fever, headache, malaise, enlarged spleen, rose spots on the trunk of the body, and diarrhea. These symptoms are similar to those of typhoid fever, but the death rate is much lower. Mild and asymptomatic infections may also occur upon exposure. Outbreaks and locations are similar to those of the other salmonella bacteria. The infectious dose is 1000 organisms by ingestion. Transmission occurs by direct or indirect contact with feces or, in rare cases, urine of patients or carriers. It is spread by food, especially miUc and dairy products, shellfish, and in some isolated cases, water supplies. Incubation depends on the strength of the dose, but usually 1-3 weeks for enteric fever and 1-10 days for gastroenteritis. Antibiotic treatment with chloramphenicol, ampicillin, or TMP-SMX is usually effective. 

Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F (39° to 40° C). They may also feel weak, or have stomach pains, headache, or loss of appetite. In some cases, patients have a ra.sh of flat, rose-colored spots. The only way to know tor sure if an illness is typhoid fever is to have samples of stool or blood tested for the presence of S. Typhi. 

Signs and Symptoms Ulceroglandular tularemia presents a local ulcer and regional lymphadenopathy (any disease process affecting a lymph node or lymph nodes), fever, chills, headache, and malaise. Typhoidal or septicemic tularemia presents fever, headache, malaise, substernal discomfort, prostration, weight loss and a non-productive cough. 

Ulceroglandular tularemia is the most common form. It comprises 70 to 75% of all cases. Pneumonic tularemia is the next most common (8 to 13%), followed by glandular tularemia (5 to 12%). The other forms are less common. Typhoidal tularemia has the highest mortality rate and as a result is the most likely to be used by terrorists. Exposure causes acute onset of fever, chills, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. Skin lesions and swollen lymph nodes are not usual. This is a systemic disease and is the only form of tularemia in which diarrhea is usually seen.3... 

It was in the Far East, especially in China, that belief in the medicinal power of rhinoceros hom was so great. In sixteenth centuiy China, imported hom from India was being credited with the ability to cure snake bites, hallucinations, typhoid, headache, food poisoning, boils and fever. Contrary to western popular belief, there was very little indication that it would act as an aphrodisiac. 

The oral typhoid vaccine is well tolerated, with rare reports of gastrointestinal discomfort, fever, headache, or rash. Local injection-site reactions are the most commonly reported adverse event following the injectable typhoid vaccine (ViCPS). Systemic symptoms, such as fever, flufike symptoms, gastrointestinal discomfort, tremor, or neck pain, are reported occasionally. Most vaccinees will report injection-site reactions after the injectable Typhoid Vaccine USP. Malaise, headache, muscle aches, and fever also may occur. Very rarely, serious adverse events, such as chest paint, hypotension, and shock, have been reported. 

The incubation period is usually 6 8 h after the entry of the organism. The symptoms are nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, myalgia and occasionally headache and vomiting. Stool is loose or watery and does not contain blood. If bloody diarrhea occurs the possibility of Shigellosis or enteric infection with E. coli enterohaemorrhagica should be considered. The majority of cases run a mild or medium severe course which lasts 3 days and symptoms subside completely not requiring hospitalization, unless there is more severe protracted course with fever and bacteremia. Bacteremia is uncommon in non-typhoid Salmonellosis. It has been reported, however, with infection with the serotypes S. choleraesuis, S. typhimurium and S. Heidelberg, which cause recurrent episodes of bacteremia. 

Agent Index A340 Class Index C26 Typhoid Feve Salmonella typhi Type Bacteria Insidious onset of sustained fever, severe headache, malaise, loss of appetite, and usually constipation (although it may cause diarrhea). Individuals may become asymptomatic carriers capable of spreading the disease (e.g. Typhoid Mary). Routes Ingestion Secondary Hazards Fecal Vector (mechanical) Incubation 3 to 90 days Mortality Rate < 10% Reservoir Humans Direct Person-to-Person Transmission is possible (fecal/oral). 

Tularemia is a disease caused by the bacteria Francisella tularensis. It can strike both humans and animals. Rabbits, ticks, deer-flies and many aquatic animals can transmit this disease. There are two forms of this disease ulcerograndular and typhoidal. Ulcerograndular form of this disease is more common. The initial symptom usually is a sore on the skin up to an inch across. If the disease transmits from insect bites, the sore may appear on the leg or lower part of the body, and if transmitted from an animal it may usually appear on the arm or upper part of the body. Other symptoms are enlarged lymph nodes. Ulcerogranular form of tularemia may develop after 3 to 6 days of exposure into fever, chills, cough, headache and ache in the muscles. The disease may... 

---