Hair sprays formulations

PVP is a flexible polymer which is soluble in water and other polar solvents. PVP has a Tt of 17.S C. Solutions of PVP are used in hair spray formulations and as blood extenders. 

Urethane and polyurea segments have been introduced into a polymer containing polyesters, polyethers, and casein. When blended into hair spray formulations containing upto 5 wt% solids, enhanced curl retention and flexural strength resulted. 

TABLE 2. Hair spray formulations of selected casein-containing Step 1 products and their effect on curl retention and flexural streugth. 

Vinyl copolymers substituted with -OH, -0-R, -0C(0)-R, -C(0)-R, or -C5H4N groups have various practical applications, depending on their composition. These applications include uses in glues, lacquers, protective films, flocculent agents, various formulations in cosmetics (e.g. poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone-co-ethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) is used in hair spray formulations, poly(1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone-co-1-eicosene) is used as a pigment dispersant in cosmetics), etc. A number of pyrolysis studies were done on these materials [43], etc. Some thermal properties of a few common vinyl copolymers are summarized in Table 6.5.14. 

Hair spray formulations Methyl vinyl United States 4,164,562 1979 American Cyanamid... 

Hydrocarbons have, for the most part, replaced CFCs as propellants. Most personal products such as hair sprays, deodorants, and antiperspirants, as well as household aerosols, are formulated using hydrocarbons or some form of hydro-carbon—halocarbon blend. Blends provide customized vapor pressures and, if halocarbons are utilized, a decrease in flammabiUty. Some blends form azeotropes which have a constant vapor pressure and do not fractionate as the contents of the container are used. 

Resin Solubilizers. In general, water-soluble resins ate amine salts of acidic polymers. Water-soluble coatings formulated with AMP-95 and DMAMP-80 exhibit superior performance (15,16) (see Water-SOLUBLE polymers). AMP-95, used in conjunction with associative thickeners (17) or hydroxy-ethylceUulose, provides for the most efficient utilization of such thickeners. It also is the neutralizer of choice for use with hair spray resins. 

Over 68 aerosol products containing isopropyl alcohol solvent have been reported (145). Aerosol formulations include hair sprays (146), floor detergents (147), shoe poHshes (148), insecticides (149,150), bum ointments (151), window cleaners, waxes and poHshes, paints, automotive products (eg, windshield deicer), insect repellents, flea and tick spray, air refreshers, disinfectants, veterinary wound and pinkeye spray, first-aid spray, foot fungicide, and fabric-wrinMe remover (152) (see Aerosols). 

As shown in Figure 6, desirable fixative properties superior to PVP homopolymer can be specified by judicious selection of the amount of vinyl acetate. Hair sprays are limited in the molecular weight of the resin because if they are too high the resulting viscosity of the formulation will result in a poor (coarse) spray pattern. Increasing the VP/VA ratio causes properties to increase in the direction shown by the arrows. 

Dibutyl phthalate is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a plasticizer in film-coatings. It is also used extensively as a solvent particularly in cosmetic formulations such as anti-perspirants, hair shampoos and hair sprays. In addition to a number of industrial applications, dibutyl phthalate is used as an insect repellent, although it is not as effective as dimethyl phthalate. 

Acrylic acid derivatives treated with heparin are used to coat surfaces of clinical equipment. Acrylic acid is also used as a copolymer component in aerosol hair spray, in plastics, in molding powder for signs, in paint formulations, in leather finishing, in paper coatings, and in latex applications to prevent premature coagulation. It is also used in the production of hydrogels used for contact lenses. 

Citroflex A-2 is used as a plasticizer in food-packing materials. Additional applications include use as a fixative for per-fumes, a film strengthening agent in hair sprays, nail polish and as a component in ink formulations. 

Several industrial systems involve emulsions, of which the following are worthy of mention. Food emulsions include mayonnaise, salad creams, deserts, and beverages, while personal care and cosmetics emulsions include hand creams, lotions, hair sprays, and sunscreens. Agrochemical emulsions include self-emulsifiable oils that produce emulsions on dilution with water, emulsion concentrates with water as the continuous phase, and crop oil sprays. Pharmaceutical emulsions include anaesthetics (O/W emulsions), hpid emulsions, and double and multiple emulsions, while paints may involve emulsions of alkyd resins and latex. Some dry-cleaning formulations may contain water droplets emulsified in the dry cleaning oil that is necessary to remove soils and clays, while bitumen emulsions are prepared stable in their containers but coalesce to form a uniform fihn of bitumen when apphed with road chippings. In the oil industry, many crude oils (e.g.. North sea oil) contain water droplets that must be removed by coalescence followed by separation. In oil slick dispersion, the oil spilled from tankers must be emulsified and then separated, while the emulsification of waste oils is an important process for pollution control. 

Hydrocarbon aerosol hair sprays contain an alcohol-hydrocarbon solvent-propellant system, a synthetic polymeric resin, a base to neutralize the resin if it is a carboxylic acid-containing resin, plasticizer(s), fragrance, and, in some cases, surfactant(s) to improve the spreading characteristics of the polymer. Most of the new low-VOC aerosol hairsprays contain alcohol-water as the solvent system and dimethyl ether as the propellant. Together the alcohol-dimethyl ether content must be below 55% (54.5%). For cost considerations, dimethyl ether is the propellant of choice, although Hydrofluorocarbon 152-A is exempt as a VOC and provides acceptable, but expensive formulations with previously used resins [54]. In Europe and other parts of the world, there are no VOC limits, and hydrocarbon-alcohol systems with virtually no water are widely used. 

To develop and evaluate hairsprays, setting products, and mousses, a variety of methods have been developed. The methods described in this section have been developed primarily for hairspray formulation and evaluation. Style retention is without question the most important property of hair-sprays, and several approaches to evaluating hairspray holding power have been described in the literature [59-61]. One novel approach by Ganslaw and Koehler [62] involves measurement of the rate of untwisting of hair swatches treated with hair fixative solution. This parameter, which these authors call twist retention analysis, correlates with curl retention and is claimed to allow for more rapid evaluation of data. 

Uses Spreading agent, emollient in antiperspirant formulations offers humidi resist, to hair spray formulas raw material in compding. silicone RTV systems, textile and paper coatings plasticizer/processing aid for silicone elastomers hydrophobizing agent for silica in water repellent formulations Features Reactive fluid... 

Worldwide, over 6 million tons of phthalates are produced annually. They are colorless liquids having the consistency of oil, sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in plastic matrices (as well as in adipose body tissue.) At least 95% of the production ends up in plastics and other consumer products. They are also used in cosmetic formulations such as nail polish (imparts crack resistance) and in hair spray. Its best-known use is in plastics as a plasticizer, mostly in PVC, to soften the hard, brittle plastic. It is the same plastic, PVC, that is used in siding and water pipes that is also used in soft flexible automobile seat covers and in shower curtains, hi the latter cases, the PVC is intimately compounded with up to 50-60% of an organic phthalate to plasticize the resin. Notebook covers, children s toys, rainwear, and backpack components used by children as well as some flexible transparent medical tubing and blood bags are also made from plasticized PVC material. Phthalates being only dissolved in the polymer (not covalently bound) can leach out into fluids in contact with the vinyl under some conditions. 

Mixtures of surfactants and polymers are very common in many industrial formulations. With many suspension and emulsion systems stabilized with surfactants, polymers are added for several reasons, e.g. as suspending agents ( thickeners ) to prevent sedimentation or creaming of these systems. In many other systems, such as in personal care and cosmetics, water-soluble polymers are added to enhance the function of the system, e.g. in shampoos, hair sprays, lotions and creams. The interaction between surfactants and water-soluble polymers furnishes synergistic effects, e.g. enhancing the surface activity, stabilizing foams and emulsions, etc. It is, therefore important to study systematically the interaction between surfactants and water-soluble polymers. 

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