Self-emulsifiable oils

T. Gershanik, and S. Benita, Positively charged self-emulsifying oil formulation for improving oral bioavailability of progersterone, Pharm. Dev. Technol. 1 147—... 

Self-emulsifiable oils Fatty alcohol ethoxylates Polyglycol esters Emulsification... 

It has been shown in a number of studies that the incorporation of drug in o/w nanosized emulsions significantly increased the absorption of the drug when compared with the equivalent aqueous solution administered orally [132-135], However, the use of emulsions for oral application is limited since other attractive alternatives, such as self-emulsifying oil delivery systems, which are much less sensitive and easy to manufacture, are available [136,137], Thus the potential of nanosized emulsions after administration with parenteral and traditional nonparenteral topical routes such as ocular, percutaneous, and nasal is covered in this section. 

Several industrial systems involve emulsions, of which the following are worthy of mention. Food emulsions include mayonnaise, salad creams, deserts, and beverages, while personal care and cosmetics emulsions include hand creams, lotions, hair sprays, and sunscreens. Agrochemical emulsions include self-emulsifiable oils that produce emulsions on dilution with water, emulsion concentrates with water as the continuous phase, and crop oil sprays. Pharmaceutical emulsions include anaesthetics (O/W emulsions), hpid emulsions, and double and multiple emulsions, while paints may involve emulsions of alkyd resins and latex. Some dry-cleaning formulations may contain water droplets emulsified in the dry cleaning oil that is necessary to remove soils and clays, while bitumen emulsions are prepared stable in their containers but coalesce to form a uniform fihn of bitumen when apphed with road chippings. In the oil industry, many crude oils (e.g.. North sea oil) contain water droplets that must be removed by coalescence followed by separation. In oil slick dispersion, the oil spilled from tankers must be emulsified and then separated, while the emulsification of waste oils is an important process for pollution control. 

Auxiliary BCY. [Gresoo Mfg.] Self-emulsifiable oil softener, penetrant and edw smoodiness ftv screen and roller print... 

The use of emulsion for oral application is limited since other attractive alternatives such as the. self-emulsifying oil delivery systems (SEDE)s) are avail-... 

C. W. Pouton. A study of self-emulsifying oil/surfactant mixtures. PhD thesis. University of London. 1982. 

Gershanik, T., 2000. Investigation of positively charged self-emulsifying oil formulation as a means for oral biovailability enhancement of lipophilic drugs, Jerusalem, Israel, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 

The formulations of agrochemicals cover a wide range of systems which range from simple aqueous solutions (for water-soluble actives) and self-emulsifiable oils to disperse systems of suspensions, emulsions and microemulsions. More complex formulations such as multiple emulsions and suspoemulsions (mixtures of suspensions and emulsions) are also applied in some cases. Microencapsulation of active ingredients for controlled and sustained release represents a more sophisticated approach to the formulation of agrochemicals. Solid formulations of wettable powders, grains, granules and tablets are also used in many applications. 

In all of the above formulations, the role of surface chemistry is crucial, both in the formulation of the product and its subsequent application. Even for simple formulations of water-soluble actives, surface-active agents (sometimes referred to as wetters ) are needed to enable the spray solution to adhere to the target surface and spread over a large area. The surface-active agents also play a more subtle role in optimization of biological efficacy. With self-emulsifiable oils (referred to as emulsifiable concentrates (ECs)), surfactants are added in high concentrations to ensure the spontaneity of emulsification on dilution. The adsorption and conformation of the surfactant molecules at the oil/water (OAV) interface is crucial for spontaneous emulsification of the oil... 

Many agrochemicals are formulated as O/W emulsions, referred to as emulsion concentrates (EWs). These systems offer many advantages over the self-emulsifiable oils (ECs). Being aqueous-based, they produce less safety hazard to human operators, and may be less phytotoxic to plants. 

Uses Surfactant for cosmetics plasticizer for sprays Features Improves disp. of self-emulsifying oils Regulatory JSCI listed... 

Other application or potential application areas include cutting oils and special lubricating systems, dry cleaning systems, self-emulsifying oils for plant protection, floor and furniture polishes, leather treatments, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. 

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