Group A streptococcus pyogenes

The device has been used to capture DNA sequences in very complex mixtures [45]. For the experiment shown in Fig. 10, a model target sequence consisting of a 75-mer based on a sequence from group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) was synthesized and labeled with the fluorophore Bodipy Texas Red. In addition, the unlabeled complement to the 75-mer was synthesized. Equimolar amounts of the two oligonucleotides in amounts varying from 0.1 to 10 nM were combined with 2 pg sheared and denatured human DNA with a final volume of... 

The occurrence of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gIucosyl residues in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of group A Streptococcus pyogenes type 4 has been confirmed. ... 

Subcutaneous infections, which are referred to as cellulitis or panniculitis, are commonly encountered in clinical practice and properly assessed at physical examination. In most instances, the causative agents of cellulitis are group A Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. In these cases. 

DeAngelis, P. L. Papaconstantinou, J. Weigel, P.H. Molecular cloning, identification, and sequence of the hyaluronan synthase gene from group A Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Biol Chem. 1993, 25S, 19181-19184. 

Pharyngitis is an acute infection of the oropharynx or nasopharynx. It results in 1% to 2% of all outpatient visits. While viral causes are most common, group A /3 -hemolytic Streptococcus, or S. pyogenes, is the primary bacterial cause and is the focus of this section. In the pediatric population, group A Streptococcus, or strep throat, causes 15% to 30% of cases of pharyngitis. In adults, it is the cause of 5% to 15% of all symptomatic episodes of pharyngitis. ... 

Dougherty, B.A. van de Rijn, I. Molecular characterization of a locus required for hyaluronic acid capsule production in group A streptococci. J. Exp. Med. 1992, 175, 1291-1299. DeAngelis, P. L. Papaconstantinou, J. Weigel, P.H. Isolation of a Streptococcus pyogenes gene locus that directs hyaluronan biosynthesis in acapsular mutants and in heterologous bacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 14568-14571. 

Additional P2 proline-containing PDF inhibitors have been reported in the patent literature by Dainippon and Questcor [95, 96]. The Dainippon examples disclosed contain an A-formyl-A-hydroxylamine group and possess good antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes. Enterococcus faecium and M. catarrhalis [95]. The Questcor patent application describes various proline-containing hydroxamic acid inhibitors [96]. 

Pharyngitis is an acute infection of the oropharynx or nasopharynx that results in 1% to 2% of all outpatient visits. While viral causes are most common, Group A /J-hemolytic Streptococcus, or Streptococcus pyogenes, is the primary bacterial cause. 

Boyle et al. (2001) used the Ciphergen SELDI protein chip to analyze the secretion and autoactivation of a cysteine protease (SpeB) from Streptococcus pyogenes that has been implicated in the onset of group A streptococcal infections and may contribute to toxic shock symptoms. SpeB could be detected at 0.75 ng protein in a 30-min assay based upon SELDI-TOF... 

Sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole still play a useful role in the prophylaxis of group A streptococcal infections in patients with rheumatic fever who are hypersensitive to penicillin. This is tempered with the potential for toxicity and infection with resistant Streptococcus pyogenes. 

Ketolides are semisynthetic 14-membered-ring macrolides, differing from erythromycin by substitution of a 3-keto group for the neutral sugar l-dadinose. Telithromycin is approved for clinical use. It is active in vitro against Streptococcus pyogenes,... 

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) Penicillin, clindamycin Erythromycin, cephalosporin (first-generation)2... 

Mild ulcers are frequently infected by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep). Other pathogens include Gram-negative rods and anaerobic bacteria (although anaerobes are seldom successfully cultured). Monomicrobial infection is not uncommon in mild ulcers. 

Mild cases, characterised by pinkness or infection of the eardrum, often resolve spontaneously and need only analgesia emd observation. They are normally viral. A bulging, inflamed eardrum indicates bacterial otitis media usually due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Bran-hamella) catarrhalis. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) or Staphylococcus aureus. Amoxicillin or co-amoxiclav is satisfactory, but the clinical benefit of antibiotic therapy is very small when tested in controlled trials. Chemotherapy has not removed the need for myringotomy when pain is very severe, and also for later cases, as sterilised pus may not be completely absorbed and may leave adhesions that impair hearing. Chronic infection presents a similar problem to that of chronic sinus infection, above. 

Of 302 clinical isolates of S. pyogenes from Portugal, 108 were resistant to erythromycin, and 86 also had a constitutive resistance to clindamycin (MLSB phenotype) (59). Four isolates had a phenotype characterized by low-level erythromycin resistance and high-level chn-damycin resistance. In another European study of 286 S. pneumoniae strains, 7% were resistant to penicUhn, and 35% were also resistant to clindamycin (60). Of 3205 group A streptococcal strains from Canada, only 18 and 2 strains respectively showed inducible and constitutive resistance to clindamycin (61). Among 180 strains of the Streptococcus milleri group isolated in Spain, 17% were resistant to clindamycin (62). 

Cellulitis results when the integrity of the skin is broken due to an abrasion, ulceration, skin puncture, or surgical wound. Moderate to severe infections can progress to more serious infections such as osteomyelitis if not adequately treated. Cellulitis is most commonly caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Staphylococcus aureus. Wound cultures have a very low yield and rarely identify the causative pathogen. Thus, cultures are rarely done and therapy is usually presumptive. 

Maaolides are appropriate antibiotics for the management of respiratory tract infections because they are active against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci), and atypical organisms such as Legionella pneumophila. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. The newer generation macrolides such as clar-... 

A version of the subsystem that contains PnuX transporter instead of RibU was captured as the A.b3 variant (Table 4). There are reasons to expect the existence of at least one more (yet unknown) alternative form of the B2 transporter in a group of bacteria that implement subsystem variant B, which is equivalent to B2 auxotrophy (20 species, mostly pathogenic Mycoplasma and Spirochetes). However, the majority of bacterial species (57 in our set) that belong to variant B contain a copy of ribUgene in the genome as illustrated in Table 4 by the example of Streptococcus pyogenes (variant B.bl). 

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