Hyaluronan biosynthesis

Kakizaki I, Kojima K, Takagaki K, Endo M, Kaimagi R, Ito M, Maruo Y, Sato H, Yasuda T, Mita S, Kimata K, Itano N. (2004) A novel mechanism for the inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthesis by 4-methylumbelliferone. J Biol Chem 279 33281-33289. 

Keywords Glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan biosynthesis, hyaluronan catabolism, hyaluronan oxidative degradation, inflammation, inflammatory mediators, regenerative medicine... 

O Regan M, Martini I, Crescenzi F, De Luca C, Lansing M, 1994. Molecular mechanisms and genetics of hyaluronan biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 16(6) 283-6. 

DeAngehs P.L., Papaconstantinou J., Weigel P.H. (1993) Isolation of a Streptococcus pyogenes gene locus that directs hyaluronan biosynthesis in acapsular mutants and in heterologous bacteria. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268,14568—14571. 

Dougherty, B.A. van de Rijn, I. Molecular characterization of a locus required for hyaluronic acid capsule production in group A streptococci. J. Exp. Med. 1992, 175, 1291-1299. DeAngelis, P. L. Papaconstantinou, J. Weigel, P.H. Isolation of a Streptococcus pyogenes gene locus that directs hyaluronan biosynthesis in acapsular mutants and in heterologous bacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 14568-14571. 

Suzuki, M. Asplund, T. Yamashita, H. Heldin, C.-H. Heldin, P. Stimulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis by platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-pi involves activation of protein kinase C. Biochem. J. 1995, 307, 817-821. 

Hyaluronan p-GlcA/ -(1 3)-p-GlcNAc/ -(l ). The biosynthesis proceeds, apparently without any primer requirement (unlike heparan and chondroitin), by stepwise addition of UDPGlcA and UDPGlcNAc, from the non-reducing end. As with heparan, the synthetases are single polypeptides which catalyse both transfer reactions. 

Polysaccharides are usually obtained by biosynthesis in plants including algae or in animals some microbial polysaccharides are also now developed such as bacterial hyaluronan (HA), gellan or xanthan.[7-9]... 

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